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Microbiology > Microbial Diversity > Flashcards

Microbial Diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Size of Poliovirus (Poliomyelitis)

A

20nm

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2
Q

Size of Influenza virus (flu)

A

100nm

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3
Q

Size of Enterococcus faecalis (bacterium)

A

1-2um

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4
Q

Size of Dimeregramma sp. (golden algae)

A

50um

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5
Q

Amoeba sp. (protist)

A

100-750um

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6
Q

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1674)

A

1st observation of a single cell using a microscope

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7
Q

Carl Linnaeus (1735)

A

Binomial nomenclature

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8
Q

Ernst Haeckel (1866)

A

The three kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae and Protista

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9
Q

Edouard Chatton (1937)

A

Suggests to divide living organisms in two categories (prokaryotes/eukaryotes)

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10
Q

Herbert Copeland (1938)

A

The four kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Protista (eukaryotes) and Monera (prokaryotes)

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11
Q

Robert Whittaker (1959)

A

The five kingdoms - Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista (eukaryotes) and Monera (prokaryotes)

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12
Q

Carl Woese (1990)

A

The three domains, “new taxon” - Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya

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13
Q

Phylogeny

A

Study of evolutionary history of organisms

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14
Q

How does Phylogeny work?

A

Evolutionary relationships are measured comparing genetic information - DNA sequences called molecular clocks - i) encoding conserved proteins with similar functions, ii) undergoing random and neutral mutations

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15
Q

Taxonomy

A

The discipline that deals with the classification of organisms

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16
Q

How does Taxonomy work?

A

Species are defined according to a taxonomic hierarchy. Classification involves the definition of taxonomic subdivisions and named using a binomial nomenclature

17
Q

Phenotypic Analyses

A
  • Morphology / Differential staining
  • Metabolic properties
  • Phage typing
  • Fatty acid profiles
  • Mass spectrometry
18
Q

Genotypic Analyses

A
  • DNA / DNA hybridisation
  • Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation (FISH)
  • rDNA (16S) sequencing
  • Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST)
19
Q

What things generate diversity in bacteria?

A
  • Binary fission
  • Haploidy
  • Genetic plasticity

Microbiology (6 decks)

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