Microbial Disease of the respiratory system

Question 1

What is pharyngitis

Answer 1

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the throat, sore throat

Question 2

What is Laryngitis

Answer 2

infection in the larynx, impacts speaking ability

Question 3

What is tonsillitis?

Answer 3

inflammation of the tonsils

Question 4

What is epiglottitis?

Answer 4

inflammation of the epiglottis, very severe

Question 5

what is sinusitis

Answer 5

infection in the nasal sinuses, with nasal discharge of mucus

Question 6

Causative agent of streptococcal pharyngitis?

Answer 6

Caused by group A streptococci (GAS): Streptococcus pyogenes

◦Bacteria are resistant to phagocytosis

Question 7

Symptoms of streptococcal?

Answer 7

Local inflammation and fever

◦Additionally, tonsillitis and enlarged lymph nodes

Question 8

Prevention of streptococcal?

Answer 8

Antibiotics

Question 9

Causative agents for diphtheria

Answer 9

Caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

◦ Bacteria produces an endotoxin that circulates in the blood, can damage heart and kidneys

Question 10

Symptoms for diphtheria

Answer 10

sore throat and fever
◦ Followed by malaise and swelling of the neck
◦ A tough grayish membrane forms in the throat

Question 11

Treatment and Prevention for Diphtheria

Answer 11

Treated by antibiotics and antitoxin
Prevented by DTaP vaccine
◦ The D stands for Diphtheria

Question 12

Causative agent of otitis media

Answer 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae
◦ Haemophilus influenzae (nonencapsulated)
◦ Moraxella catarrhalis
◦ Streptococcus pyogenes
◦ Respiratory syncytial viruses

Question 13

Symptoms of otitis media

Answer 13

Middle Ear infection
◦ Formation of pus, puts pressure on the eardrum
◦ Results in painful pressure on the eardrum

Question 14

Treatment of otitis media

Answer 14

Treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics (

Question 15

How man viruses can cause the common cold

Answer 15

more than 200 include: rhinovirus and coronavirus

Question 16

Symptoms of Common cold

Answer 16

Coughing, sneezing, nasal secretion, congestion and usually has no fever

Question 17

Treatment?

Answer 17

Antibiotics don’t work use cough suppressants, antihistamines

Question 18

Causative agent for pertussis also whooping cough

Answer 18

Caused by Bordetella pertussis

Question 19

what happens in pertussis

Answer 19

Bacteria attaches to cells in the trachea

◦ Pertussis toxin enters the bloodstream

Question 20

the 3 stages of pertussis (whooping cough)

Answer 20

◦ Stage 1: catarrhal stage, like the common cold
◦ Stage 2: paroxysmal stage, violet coughing, gasping for air
◦ Stage 3: convalescence stage, may last for months

Question 21

Prevention and treatments for pertussis

Answer 21

DTap Vaccine, and has to be treated with antibiotics in the first stage

Question 22

Causative agent of tuberculosis

Answer 22

Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: acid-fast rod,

Question 23

Test and treatment of tuberculosis

Answer 23

Tuberculin skin test: positive means current or previous infection
◦T cells reacts with protein derivative
6 months of therapy

Question 24

Causes of Pneumonia

Answer 24

Can be caused by many different types of microbes, bacteria most common

Question 25

symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 25

High fever, breathing difficulty, and chest pain

Question 26

RSV symptoms and treatment

Answer 26

Coughing and wheezing for more than a week

For immunocompromised/high-risk patients: treated with palivizumab

Question 27

Cause of influenza

Answer 27

Influenza virus

Question 28

Symptoms of influenza

Answer 28

Chills, fever, headache, and muscle aches

Question 29

Prevention of Influenza virus

Answer 29

Vaccine and reduced with antiviral drugs