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microbes in human welfare Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sites where microbes can present

A

deep inside the gyesers[thermal wents] , deep in soil , inder deep snow , acidic environment

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2
Q

organisms that are microbes

A

protozoa , bacteria , fungi , animal and plant viruses , viroids , pirons

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3
Q

microbes that can form colonies

A

bacteria and fungi

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4
Q

production of curd by milk is done by

A

LACTOBACILLUS and group of bacterias called LACTIC ACID BACTETIA [LAB]

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5
Q

what is the process LAB adapt to make curd

A

produces acid tht can coagulate and partially digests milk

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6
Q

what is starter or inoculum

A

small amount of curd that contain millions of bactetia to convert milk to further curd

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7
Q

what are benifits of introducing LAB in the milk

A

increasing B12 , in stomach check disease causing microbes

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8
Q

what is the reason of puffed appearence of the dough

A

due to production of CO2

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9
Q

dough is fermented by using

A

BAKERS YEAST[ sacchareomyces cerevisiae]

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10
Q

traditional drinks and food are made by

A

fermentation

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11
Q

toddy is the traditional drink of

A

southern parts of india

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12
Q

toddy is prepared by

A

fermentation of sap from palms

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13
Q

examples where fermentation can be used

A

ferment fish , soyabean , bamboo shoot

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14
Q

different characters of cheese come from

A

the microbes used

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15
Q

what was the reason of large hoes in SWISS chesse

A

large production of co2 by bacterium propionibacterium sharmanii

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16
Q

which chesse is groing in a specific fungi to give it a special flavor

A

roquefort chesse

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17
Q

for formation of what microbes are growing in large vesseles called fermentors

A

beverages and antibiotics

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18
Q

for production of beverages what microbe is used

A

yeast

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19
Q

which yeast is used for ethanol production

A

saccharomyces cerevisiae

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20
Q

saccharomyces cerevisiae is also known as

A

brewer;s yeast

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21
Q

waht is the product of the distilled fermented broth

A

wine and beer

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22
Q

product of non filterred fermented broth

A

whisky , brandy , rum

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23
Q

what is the most significant discovery of 20th century

A

antibodies

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24
Q

what roles are played by antibiotic for humans and pathogens respectively

A

prolife for humans and against life for pathogens

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25
Q

define antibiotics

A

chemicals produced by some microbes and can kill or retard the growth of other [ disease causing ] miceobes

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26
Q

first antibiotic to be discovered

A

peniccillin

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27
Q

who discovered the penecilline

A

alaxander fleming

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28
Q

explain the chance discovery of penecilline

A

alaxander fleming works of staptococcus bacteria and observe thta of the unwashed plate there was a place where bacteria not able to grow and it is due to the chemical released due to a mould called peniccilium notatum thus this antibiotic is known as pennicilium

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29
Q

who tell the pennicilium as an effective antibiotic

A

ernest chain and howard florey

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30
Q

who get noble prize for discovery of antibiotic that help american soldiers in world war 2

A

fleming , chain , florey

31
Q

name some diseases that antibiotics can treats

A

plaque , wooping cough [ kali khansi] , diptheria [ gal ghotu] , leprosy [ kushst rog]

32
Q

examples of acid producing microbes

A

aspergillus niger [a fungus] for citric acid acetobacter aceti [ abacterium] of acitic acid clostridium butylicum [ a bacterium ] for butyric acid lactobaccilus [ a bacterium] for lactic acid

33
Q

commercial production of ethanol is done by

A

yeast [ saccaromyces cerevisiae]

34
Q

bottled juices are clarrified by

A

pectinaces and proteases

35
Q

which chemical and bacterium is used to remove blood clots from the patients that undergo myocardial infarction leaading to heart attack and its characters

A

streptokinase [ bacterium steptococcus] modified by genetic engeeniering

36
Q

what is used as immunorepressive in organ transplant

A

cyclosporin A [ fungus TRICODERMA POLYSPORUM]

37
Q

what works as blood cholestrol lowering agent

A

monascus purpureus

38
Q

what is sewage

A

municiple waste water

39
Q

what does sewage contain

A

human excreta , organic matter , microbes

40
Q

where sewage treated to make it less polluting

A

sewage treatment plant STP

41
Q

what microbes naturally present in sewage

A

heterotrophic microbes

42
Q

what is primary treatment

A

physical removal of particles —- large and small

43
Q

how filtration done in primary treatment

A

floating debries , sequential filtration , sedimantation

44
Q

what is grit

A

soil and small pebbles

45
Q

what is primary sludge

A

the solid settlement after sedimenttion

46
Q

what is primary effluent

A

the supretendent after primary treatment

47
Q

what is secondary treatment

A

when the primary effluent is agettated mechanically in aeration tanks

48
Q

what is flocs

A

masses of bacteria associated with fungal filamentto form mesh like structures

49
Q

full form of BOD

A

biochemical oxygen demand

50
Q

define BOD

A

amount of O2 comsumed if all the organic in 1 litre of water were oxidised by bacteria

51
Q

how to measure the polluting power by BOD

A

greater will be the BOD greater will be the polluting power

52
Q

what is activated sludge

A

the effulent after sedimentation i the settling tank

53
Q

what happen in large anaerobic sludge digesters

A

digetion of bacteria and fungi in sludge and production of mixture of gases like methane , hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide

54
Q

what happen if untreated waste is discharge into rivers

A

pollution and water borne diseases

55
Q

two major river saving plans by minestry of environment and forest

A

ganga action and yammuna action plans

56
Q

main content of biogas

A

methane

57
Q

main gas produced during production of dough, chesse , beverages

A

CO2

58
Q

gases released by anaerobic bacteria

A

methane , CO2 , H2

59
Q

methane producing bacterias are collectively called

A

methanogens

60
Q

methanobacterium found in

A

sludge during sewage treatment plants , rumen of cattles

61
Q

what the methanobacteria do within the cattles stomach

A

help in the breakdown of bacteria and imp. in nutrition of cattles

62
Q

institutes who develop biogas plant

A

IARI (indian agriculture research institute) KVIC [khadi and village industries commission

63
Q

what is biocontrol

A

biological methords of controlling pests and diseases

64
Q

what is the mindset of organic farmers

A

pests should not be eradicater but put on a menegable rate

65
Q

ladybird and dragoonfly are used to control

A

apids and mosquitos

66
Q

butterfly catterpilers are get rid of by

A

bacterium bacillus thuringiensis [Bt]

67
Q

bacterium Bt is used and found as

A

found as scraches as dry spores and mixed with water and spread on tress

68
Q

trees on which solution of Bt bacteria is spread are

A

brassicus and fruit trees

69
Q

what Bt bacteria do in the gut of the larvae

A

released toxins and larve get killed

70
Q

plant in which Bt bacteria toxin introduced genetically to kill larvae is known as

A

Bt cotton

71
Q

fungus used in the plant disease dignosis

A

trichoderma

72
Q

baculoviruses help in the

A

eradication of unwanted insects which proving any harm to non targeting plants and insects

73
Q

baculoviruses belong from the genus

A

nucleopolyhedroviruses

74
Q

full form of IPM programme

A

integrated pest management

boards biology (4 decks)

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