microbes in human welfare Flashcards
sites where microbes can present
deep inside the gyesers[thermal wents] , deep in soil , inder deep snow , acidic environment
organisms that are microbes
protozoa , bacteria , fungi , animal and plant viruses , viroids , pirons
microbes that can form colonies
bacteria and fungi
production of curd by milk is done by
LACTOBACILLUS and group of bacterias called LACTIC ACID BACTETIA [LAB]
what is the process LAB adapt to make curd
produces acid tht can coagulate and partially digests milk
what is starter or inoculum
small amount of curd that contain millions of bactetia to convert milk to further curd
what are benifits of introducing LAB in the milk
increasing B12 , in stomach check disease causing microbes
what is the reason of puffed appearence of the dough
due to production of CO2
dough is fermented by using
BAKERS YEAST[ sacchareomyces cerevisiae]
traditional drinks and food are made by
fermentation
toddy is the traditional drink of
southern parts of india
toddy is prepared by
fermentation of sap from palms
examples where fermentation can be used
ferment fish , soyabean , bamboo shoot
different characters of cheese come from
the microbes used
what was the reason of large hoes in SWISS chesse
large production of co2 by bacterium propionibacterium sharmanii
which chesse is groing in a specific fungi to give it a special flavor
roquefort chesse
for formation of what microbes are growing in large vesseles called fermentors
beverages and antibiotics
for production of beverages what microbe is used
yeast
which yeast is used for ethanol production
saccharomyces cerevisiae
saccharomyces cerevisiae is also known as
brewer;s yeast
waht is the product of the distilled fermented broth
wine and beer
product of non filterred fermented broth
whisky , brandy , rum
what is the most significant discovery of 20th century
antibodies
what roles are played by antibiotic for humans and pathogens respectively
prolife for humans and against life for pathogens
define antibiotics
chemicals produced by some microbes and can kill or retard the growth of other [ disease causing ] miceobes
first antibiotic to be discovered
peniccillin
who discovered the penecilline
alaxander fleming
explain the chance discovery of penecilline
alaxander fleming works of staptococcus bacteria and observe thta of the unwashed plate there was a place where bacteria not able to grow and it is due to the chemical released due to a mould called peniccilium notatum thus this antibiotic is known as pennicilium
who tell the pennicilium as an effective antibiotic
ernest chain and howard florey
who get noble prize for discovery of antibiotic that help american soldiers in world war 2
fleming , chain , florey
name some diseases that antibiotics can treats
plaque , wooping cough [ kali khansi] , diptheria [ gal ghotu] , leprosy [ kushst rog]
examples of acid producing microbes
aspergillus niger [a fungus] for citric acid acetobacter aceti [ abacterium] of acitic acid clostridium butylicum [ a bacterium ] for butyric acid lactobaccilus [ a bacterium] for lactic acid
commercial production of ethanol is done by
yeast [ saccaromyces cerevisiae]
bottled juices are clarrified by
pectinaces and proteases
which chemical and bacterium is used to remove blood clots from the patients that undergo myocardial infarction leaading to heart attack and its characters
streptokinase [ bacterium steptococcus] modified by genetic engeeniering
what is used as immunorepressive in organ transplant
cyclosporin A [ fungus TRICODERMA POLYSPORUM]
what works as blood cholestrol lowering agent
monascus purpureus
what is sewage
municiple waste water
what does sewage contain
human excreta , organic matter , microbes
where sewage treated to make it less polluting
sewage treatment plant STP
what microbes naturally present in sewage
heterotrophic microbes
what is primary treatment
physical removal of particles —- large and small
how filtration done in primary treatment
floating debries , sequential filtration , sedimantation
what is grit
soil and small pebbles
what is primary sludge
the solid settlement after sedimenttion
what is primary effluent
the supretendent after primary treatment
what is secondary treatment
when the primary effluent is agettated mechanically in aeration tanks
what is flocs
masses of bacteria associated with fungal filamentto form mesh like structures
full form of BOD
biochemical oxygen demand
define BOD
amount of O2 comsumed if all the organic in 1 litre of water were oxidised by bacteria
how to measure the polluting power by BOD
greater will be the BOD greater will be the polluting power
what is activated sludge
the effulent after sedimentation i the settling tank
what happen in large anaerobic sludge digesters
digetion of bacteria and fungi in sludge and production of mixture of gases like methane , hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide
what happen if untreated waste is discharge into rivers
pollution and water borne diseases
two major river saving plans by minestry of environment and forest
ganga action and yammuna action plans
main content of biogas
methane
main gas produced during production of dough, chesse , beverages
CO2
gases released by anaerobic bacteria
methane , CO2 , H2
methane producing bacterias are collectively called
methanogens
methanobacterium found in
sludge during sewage treatment plants , rumen of cattles
what the methanobacteria do within the cattles stomach
help in the breakdown of bacteria and imp. in nutrition of cattles
institutes who develop biogas plant
IARI (indian agriculture research institute) KVIC [khadi and village industries commission
what is biocontrol
biological methords of controlling pests and diseases
what is the mindset of organic farmers
pests should not be eradicater but put on a menegable rate
ladybird and dragoonfly are used to control
apids and mosquitos
butterfly catterpilers are get rid of by
bacterium bacillus thuringiensis [Bt]
bacterium Bt is used and found as
found as scraches as dry spores and mixed with water and spread on tress
trees on which solution of Bt bacteria is spread are
brassicus and fruit trees
what Bt bacteria do in the gut of the larvae
released toxins and larve get killed
plant in which Bt bacteria toxin introduced genetically to kill larvae is known as
Bt cotton
fungus used in the plant disease dignosis
trichoderma
baculoviruses help in the
eradication of unwanted insects which proving any harm to non targeting plants and insects
baculoviruses belong from the genus
nucleopolyhedroviruses
full form of IPM programme
integrated pest management
