Microbes Flashcards

Question

fungi size

Answer 1

microscopic but many macroscopic examples

Answer 2

multicellular

Answer 3

asexually through spores | sexually through cytoplasmic fusion

Answer 4

autotrophs, heterotrophs, saprophytic

Answer 5

moist environments

Answer 6

- heterotrophic bacteria and fungi - decomposition breaks down complex organic compounds and releases nutrient elements that enter the soil - dead plant or animal remains are broken down using enzymes that decompose the remains - Saprophytic bacteria also break down foodstuffs, milk, urine and faeces. In the process, this produces by-prodects such as H2O, CO2 and N which are returned to the environment.

Answer 7

- some soil bacteria can fix nitrogen. the bacterium infects the roots of leguminous plants. - the bacterium traps the free nitrogen, which is converted into ammonia and then into amino acids, which are used by the plants to synthesise proteins - when the plants die and their roots decmpose, the nitrogenous compounds are released into the soil and can be absorbed by other plants for further protein synthesis. - there are also free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria. these use the atmospheric nitrogen in the soil to form nitrates. which are used by plants for protein synthesis. - when the plants die the proteins are converted back to nitrates for other plants to use.

Answer 8

the fungal threads extract nutrients from the roots and provide water and mineral salts to the roots in return.

Answer 9

responsible for the synthesis of some of the vitamins of the B complex group as well as vitamins E and K

Answer 10

-caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis attacking the lungs, kidneys, brain, and spinal cord

Answer 11

- weakness and fatigue - appetite loss - chills, fever and night sweats - bad cough and chest pains - coughing up blood

Answer 12

- vaccination | - proper medication

Answer 13

- caused by Plasmodium transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito

Answer 14

- headaches - fever, sweating and chills - muscular and abdominal pains - diarrhoea - nausea and vomiting - appetite loss

Answer 15

``` GETTING RID OF MOSQUITOES: -draining swamps -spraying ponds -spraying indoors PREVENTING MOSQUITO BITES: -remaining indoors after dark -wearing long-sleeved clothing and long trousers -mosquito nets, mats and coils -treating clothes with insecticides -applying insect repellant TAKING MEDICINES BEFORE ENTERING HIGH RISK AREAS ```

Answer 16

may experience a short, flulike illness but quickly returns to full health. an HIV test during this period will be NEGATIVE as there are too few antibodies

Answer 17

is still very healthy but a blood test will reveal a low CD4 count

Answer 18

has swollen lymph nodes, shingles, and suffers from various skin infections. person develops on or all of the following persistently and recurrently: Pulmonary TB, thruch, herpes, diarrhoea, weight-loss

Answer 19

CD4 count is below 200 cells/ml. secondary infections, cancer and neurological symptoms, followed by death from a secondary infection