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Bio Study Cards > Microbes > Flashcards

Microbes Flashcards

1
Q

virus general structure

A

DNA or RNA strand surrounded by a protein coat

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2
Q

virus size

A

very small - seen with an electron microscope only

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3
Q

virus - prokaryote or eukaryote?

A

not applicable

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4
Q

virus - unicellular or multicellular?

A

not cells

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5
Q

virus - specialised tissue present?

A

no

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6
Q

virus reproduction

A

only in host cell

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7
Q

virus feeding

A

not applicable

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8
Q

virus environment

A

all around but inactive outside host cell

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9
Q

bacteria general structure

A

cell envelope (peptidoglycan), glycocalyx, cell membrane, cytosol, ribosomes, nucleoid

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10
Q

bacteria size

A

microscopic

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11
Q

bacteria - prokaryote or eukaryote?

A

prokaryote

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12
Q

bacteria - unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular

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13
Q

bacteria - specialised tissue present?

A

no

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14
Q

bacteria reproduction

A

asexually by budding and binary fission

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15
Q

bacteria feeding

A

usually heterotrophs, also saprophytic

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16
Q

bacteria environment

A

found everywhere

can form endospore to resist poor environmental conditions

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17
Q

protist general structure

A

cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts in some, pyrenoid, nucleous

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18
Q

protist size

A

microscopic, some macroscopic examples

19
Q

protist - unicellular or multicellular?

A

unicellular or multicellular

20
Q

protist- specialised issue present?

A

no

21
Q

protist reproduction

A

asexually by cell division, sexually in poor conditions

22
Q

protist feeding

A

autotrophs or heterotrophs

23
Q

protist environment

A

moist environments

some can encyst to resist drought

24
Q

fungi general structure

A

sporangium, arial hyphae, mycelium made up of cells

25
Q

fungi size

A

microscopic but many macroscopic examples

26
Q

fungi - prokaryote or eukaryote?

A

eukaryote

27
Q

fungi - unicellular or multicellular?

A

multicellular

28
Q

fungi reproduction

A

asexually through spores

sexually through cytoplasmic fusion

29
Q

fungi feeding

A

autotrophs, heterotrophs, saprophytic

30
Q

fungi environment

A

moist environments

31
Q

decomposers

A
  • heterotrophic bacteria and fungi
  • decomposition breaks down complex organic compounds and releases nutrient elements that enter the soil
  • dead plant or animal remains are broken down using enzymes that decompose the remains
  • Saprophytic bacteria also break down foodstuffs, milk, urine and faeces. In the process, this produces by-prodects such as H2O, CO2 and N which are returned to the environment.
32
Q

nitrogen-fixation

A
  • some soil bacteria can fix nitrogen. the bacterium infects the roots of leguminous plants.
  • the bacterium traps the free nitrogen, which is converted into ammonia and then into amino acids, which are used by the plants to synthesise proteins
  • when the plants die and their roots decmpose, the nitrogenous compounds are released into the soil and can be absorbed by other plants for further protein synthesis.
  • there are also free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria. these use the atmospheric nitrogen in the soil to form nitrates. which are used by plants for protein synthesis.
  • when the plants die the proteins are converted back to nitrates for other plants to use.
33
Q

mutualisms - fungal mycorrhizae in pine trees

A

the fungal threads extract nutrients from the roots and provide water and mineral salts to the roots in return.

34
Q

mutualisms - E. coli producing vit K in the gut

A

responsible for the synthesis of some of the vitamins of the B complex group as well as vitamins E and K

35
Q

TUBERCULOSIS - causes

A

-caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis attacking the lungs, kidneys, brain, and spinal cord

36
Q

TUBERCULOSIS - effects

A
  • weakness and fatigue
  • appetite loss
  • chills, fever and night sweats
  • bad cough and chest pains
  • coughing up blood
37
Q

TUBERCULOSIS - management

A
  • vaccination

- proper medication

38
Q

MALARIA - causes

A
  • caused by Plasmodium transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito
39
Q

MALARIA - effects

A
  • headaches
  • fever, sweating and chills
  • muscular and abdominal pains
  • diarrhoea
  • nausea and vomiting
  • appetite loss
40
Q

MALARIA - management

A 
GETTING RID OF MOSQUITOES:
-draining swamps
-spraying ponds
-spraying indoors
PREVENTING MOSQUITO BITES:
-remaining indoors after dark
-wearing long-sleeved clothing and long trousers
-mosquito nets, mats and coils
-treating clothes with insecticides
-applying insect repellant
TAKING MEDICINES BEFORE ENTERING HIGH RISK AREAS
41
Q

HIV/ AIDS (stages) - 1.window period

A

may experience a short, flulike illness but quickly returns to full health. an HIV test during this period will be NEGATIVE as there are too few antibodies

42
Q

HIV/AIDS (stages) - 2.asymptomatic phase

A

is still very healthy but a blood test will reveal a low CD4 count

43
Q

HIV/AIDS (stages) - 3.symptomatic phase

A

has swollen lymph nodes, shingles, and suffers from various skin infections. person develops on or all of the following persistently and recurrently: Pulmonary TB, thruch, herpes, diarrhoea, weight-loss

44
Q

HIV/AIDS (stages) - 4.AIDS

A

CD4 count is below 200 cells/ml. secondary infections, cancer and neurological symptoms, followed by death from a secondary infection

Bio Study Cards (15 decks)

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