Microbes Flashcards
Cells and organelles
Cells holds a variety of pieces called organelles which are the smallest parts of the body. When an organism is mad eup of multiple cells, we call it multicellular
cell wall
only found in plant cells, is a tough outer layer made of cellulose, and supports the cell and helps maintain its shape
nucleus
the nucleus is found in both the animal and plant cells, It controls the cell activities and holds DNA, the genetic information of the organism
cell membrane
found in both cells. The cell membrane allows material into and out of the cell
vacuole
the vacuole is only in the plant cell. The vacoule is large, central, and fluid-filled. It stores the cells digested food and waste products, and helps maintain the shape of the cell.
chloroplasts
only in plant cells. Site of photosynthesis - where plants use water and carbon dioxide and turn it into glucose (a food source). Contains a green pigment called chlorophyll
mitochondria
in both cells. site of cellular respiration. cell turns glucose and oxygen into energy
cytoplasm
jelly like fluid in the cell. The organells are contained within the cytoplasm. Site of chemical reactions.
MRS GREN
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition
bacteria
Microscopic. single- celled organisms, are alive, reproduce by splitting in half every twenty minutes, and need to eat. They have NO nucleus, but have DNA. They can make identical copies. There is a delay between being infected and seeing symptoms when a bacteria infects you because of the time it takes for it to reproduce enough to affect you.
fungi
Both micro and macroscopic organisms. mostly like animal cells but also have a cell wall. They form a bud that will eventually seperate to become another yeast cell.
virus
smallest micro-organism and can be as small as a billionth of a millimetre. They have NO nucleus, only a single strand of DNA or RNA. They cannot live outside of a host making it nonliving and cause disease in plants, animals, bacteria, or fungi. Their DNA is contained inside a protein shell. Some viruses also have an outer layer similar to the cell membrane which is called an envelope. They need a host cell to replicate. There is a delay between being infected and seeing symptoms when a virus infects you because of the time it takes for it to reproduce enough to affect you.
conditions for bacterial growth
food, neutral PH, temperature (37 degrees celcius), time, oxygen, moisture, nutrition, sensitivity, respiration
why bacteria causes disease
bacteria causes disease by releasing toxins which are harmful to humans, or prevent their body cells from working. Our body responds to get rid of these harmful bacteria and their toxins (causing the common symptoms of food poisoning).
antibiotics
They only work on bacteria. Antibiotics are the chemicals which stops the growth of or kills bacteria. Commonly used by humans as medicine. They are naturally produced by some types of fungi. We harness the ability of those specific fungi types to make antibiotics to treat the diseases caused by bacteria. They work by either killling them - breaking open their cell wall so that everything leaks out, or limits the bacteria’s ability to grow - preventing water from getting inside the cell or getting energy from food. They should be taken for two weeks, because if you tsop taking antibiotics early then the bacteria becomes immune to it and starts dividing again.
