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Neurology Anatomy > Microantomy of the Ear > Flashcards

Microantomy of the Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Name chambers of Ear

A

1- Outer ear
2- Middle ear
3- inner ear

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2
Q

Where is the amplifying of sound done

A

Middle ear

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3
Q

Where is the sensory perception of sound done

A

Inner ear

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4
Q

What is the role of the ear

A

Controls sense of hearing and balance ( vestibular apparatus )

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5
Q

Where are receptors located in the ear ( where hearing and balance is perceived )

A

Petrous part of the temporal bone

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6
Q

What makes up the outer ear ( give details )

A

1- Elastic cartilage covered by epithelium = pinae
2- external auditory meatus = external canal extending from cartilage surface into temporal bone
2- tympanic membrane ( ear drum ) : collagenous bilayer where vibration is transmitted to the middle ear

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7
Q

The external auditory canal is lined by ?

A

stratified squamous epithelium filled with hair follicles and sebaceous glands

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8
Q

What is the ceruminous glands

A

Modified sweat glands , secreting wax that has a protective function. Protects tympanic membrane

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9
Q

Between the two epithelial layers of the tympanic membrane is what

A

Tough connective tissue

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10
Q

What makes up the middle ear ( gives details )

A

1- Tympanic cavity : air filled space in the temporal bone
2- Eustachian tube connecting tympanic cavity with nasopharynx : opens during swelling to equilibrate air pressure on either side of ear drum
3- Auditory Ossicles : 3 bones transmit vibrations form tympanic membrane to oval window ( Malleus , Incus , stapes bone )

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11
Q

What are the two openings of the Middle ear

A

Oval and round window that lead into the inner ear

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12
Q

What are the ossicles suspended by in the middle ear

A

By ligaments

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13
Q

What are the ossicles composed of

A

Compact bone and articulated by sundial joints

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14
Q

Which ossicle is connected to the oval window

A

Stapes bone

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15
Q

What is the function of the Ossicles

A

Convert sound waves to mechanical vibrations in tissues and fluid-filled chambers. Amplify sounds which allows mechanical energy to be transmitted into ta fluid medium.

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16
Q

Which muscles dampen effects of loud noise and reduce movement of ossicles

A

Stapedius and tensor tympani

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17
Q

What are the components of the inner ear

A

1- Bony outer labyrinth : series of spaces in the petrous part of temporal bone
2- Membranous inner labyrinth : continuous epithelial lined set of cavities within the bony labyrinth

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18
Q

What is the perilymph

A

Fluid flowing within the bony labyrinth in the inner ear

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19
Q

What is endolymph

A

Fluid flowing within the membranous labyrinth in the inner ear

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20
Q

The inner ear is divided into which two sensory regions

A

1- Vestibular apparatus : balance posture , movement

2- Coclea : hearing

21
Q

What comes together to form the vestibule

A

Utricle and saccule

22
Q

The vestibular apparatus is composed of what

A

2 semicircular canals and vestibule ( utricle and saccule )

23
Q

What are the ion features of the endolymph

A

In membranous labyrinth: contains high K+ and low in Na+/ Ca+

24
Q

What are the ion features of the perilymph

A

In bony labyrinth High Na+ and low in K+/Ca+

25
Q

Difference between ion potential , especially K between the perilymph and endolymph is necessary for what

A

Proper conduction of current

26
Q

What are the utricle and saccule function

A

Detect linear acceleration/deceleration and perceive direction of gravity .

27
Q

What are the semicircular canals function

A

Detect rotational movement of head and body. Senses deviation of head form anatomical position

28
Q

The specialized sensory region in the utricle and saccule where linear movement is detected is called?

A

Macula

29
Q

In the endolymph how is movements perceived ( in inner ear )

A

Via specialized hair cells

30
Q

What is CN is the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

CN8

31
Q

The specialized sensory region in the semicircular canals where movement is detected is called?

A

Ampulla which contains the hair cells

32
Q

Explain the composition of the cochlea

A

Spiral bony canal with a central bony axis known as the modiolus,
Modiolus contains spiral ganglion and cochlear nerve.

33
Q

What is the cochlear duct ( aka Scala Media )

A

Endolymph filled part of membranous labyrinth that runs up the middle of the bony spiral

34
Q

Cochlear duct divides cochlea into …

A

3 Parallel chambers.

35
Q

What are the Cala vestibuli and Scala tympani

A

Perilymph chambers above and below the cochlear duct.

Vestibule is above, Tympani is below.

36
Q

Where is sound detected in the cochlea

A

Via hair cells in the organ of cortisones in the Cochlear duct

37
Q

Where does the organ of cortisones sit

A

On the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct

38
Q

Is the stria vascular vascular or avascular

A

Vascular

39
Q

What is the Organ of Corti composed of

A

1- Hair cells : inner and outer

2- Phalangeal ( outer ) & pillar ( inner ) cells : support cells causing stiffness for when pulled

40
Q

The outer hair cells of the organ of cortisones are stuck to the

A

Tectorial membrane

41
Q

Where is the tectorial membrane

A

Rests over the organ of cortisones & is medially attached to the modiolus

42
Q

What are the stereocilia

A

On the surface of inner and outer hair cells that insert hair cells to tectorial membrane e

43
Q

What is the function of the outer hair cells

A

When stimulated pull on the tectorial membrane but the singular inner hair cell is the one that triggers hearing

44
Q

Explain the mechanism of hearing ( generally from beginning to end )

A

1- Vibrations of ear drum transferred to ossicles and to oval window
2- Vibrations enter perilymph of Scala vestibuli as a pressure wave
3- pressure wave passes through vestibuli membrane into endolymph of cochlear duct
4 - through the basilar membrane into the perilymph of the scar tympani
5 - then dissipates through round window of cochlea

45
Q

Explain role of hair cells in hearing

A

1- Shearing effect occurs between basilar membrane and tectorial membrane due to vibrations in perilymph and endolymph
2- sterocilia inserted in tectorial membrane are deflected ( bend )
3- Causes outer hair cells to react by contracting ( electromotility ) which contracts tectorial membrane that shakes inner hair cells
4- stimulates inner hair cells which activated neurotransmitters that stimulate cochlear nerve
5- impulse travels to auditory cortex via cochlear nerve

46
Q

Where do high frequency sounds cause maximal vibration

A

Basila remembrance at base of cochlea

47
Q

Where do low frequency sounds cause maximal vibration

A

Basilar membrane at apex of cochlea

48
Q

Amplitude discrimination ( loudness ) depends on what

A

Degree of displacement of basilar membrane e

Neurology Anatomy (3 decks)

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