Microanat of Cycle

Question 1

3 general parts of an ovary

Answer 1

Surface epithelium
Cortex
Medulla

Question 2

2 major functions of the ovaries

Answer 2

Producing ova (oogenesis)
Secreting hormones (steroidgenesis)

Question 3

3 stages in non-cyclical follicular development

Answer 3

Primordial germ cells
Primordial follicles
Primary follicles
Starts during embryonic development, to menopause(does not depend on gonadotropin)

Question 4

Where does the cyclical stage of follicular development start?

Answer 4

The transition between primary and secondary follicle
Requires gonadotropin
From sexual maturity to menopause
NO - between primary uni-laminar and primary multi-laminar

Question 5

Primordial follicle

Answer 5

Simple structure
Primary oocyte arrested in 1st meiotic division
Flattened follicular cells
Surrounded by stromal cells

Question 6

Stromal cells will become…

Answer 6

Theca interna and theca externa

Question 7

Primary follicle (uni-laminar)

Answer 7

Cells surrounding the cell are now cuboidal (called granulosa cells)
Basal lamina separattes granulosa cells and oocyte from stromal vasculature (follicles are avascular)

Question 8

Primary follicle (multi-laminar)

Answer 8

Granulosa cells have now stratified

Granulosa cells send processes through zona pellucida to oocyte cytoplasm (metabolically and electrically coupled)

Question 9

Function of

1. Theca interna
2. Theca externa

Answer 9

1. Estrogen production

2. Smooth muscle

Question 10

Zona Reaction

Answer 10

Acrosome reaction (sperm burrows through zona pellucida)
Rapid depolarization of oolemma
Cortical granules fuse with oolema and spill proteases
Proteases cross-link and harden proteins on zona pellucida
Blocks polyspermy

Question 11

Secondary follicle

Answer 11

First sign of antrum (fluid from granulosa cells)

Question 12

Role of antral fluid

Answer 12

Made by the granulosa cells

Key roles in follicular growth, oocyte maturation and ovulation

Question 13

Graafian follicle

Answer 13

Zona granulosa now at the periphery of the follicle
Cumulus oophorus bridge
Corona radiata
Theca interna and externa cells

Question 14

Cumulus oophorus

Answer 14

Bridge between the oocyte and the granulosa cells

Question 15

What 3 things are released in ovulation

Answer 15

Oocyte
Surrounding zona pellucida
Corona radiata (nutrients)

Question 16

After ovulation what do
1. Zona granulosa
2. Theca interna
cells become?

Answer 16

1. Granulosa lutein cells
2. Theca lutein cells
   Together they produce estrogen and progesterone* to maintain uterine lining until implantation

Question 17

Role of hCG

Answer 17

Causes the corpus luteum to continue to secrete estrogen and progesterone to maintain the uterine wall
Taken over by the placenta at 8-12 weeks

Question 18

2 layers of the uterus

Answer 18

Endometrium

Myometrium

Question 19

2 layers of the endometrium

Answer 19

Functional layer

Basal layer

Question 20

Asherman’s

Answer 20

Damage to the basal layer of the endometrium

Adhesions between the walls of the uterus and you cannot regenerate the functional layer

Question 21

Adenomyosis

Answer 21

When the glands in the endometrium grow into the myometrium

Can be very painful

Question 22

What substance do the endometrial glands make?

Answer 22

Glycogen