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micro test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

disinfection

A

reduces/destroys microbial growth

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2
Q

examples of disinfection

A

bleach, phenol (Lysol); cleans surfaces

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3
Q

sanitization

A

reduces/destroys microbial growth to public safe levels

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4
Q

examples of sanitization

A

detergent, cleaners; dishwashing, cleaning restrooms

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5
Q

sterilization

A

completely eliminates microbial growth and every other kind of growth

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6
Q

examples of sterilization

A

autoclaving, radiation; surgery prep

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7
Q

physical methods of control

A

dry heat, moist heat
refrigeration/freezing
pressure
desiccation (salt/sugar curing)
radiation (UV)
sonication (sound waves breaking holes in the microbes)
filtration (filtering a substance that can’t be heated)

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8
Q

dry heat e.g.

A

oven

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9
Q

moist heat e.g.

A

autoclaving, boiling, pasteurization

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10
Q

autoclave

A

121 degrees C for 15-20 min at 15 psi (sterilize)

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11
Q

boiling

A

sterilize

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12
Q

pasteurization

A

sanitize

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13
Q

Thermal Death Time

A

amount of time required to kill organism

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14
Q

Decimal Reduction

A

amount of time required to kill 90% organisms

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15
Q

Thermal Death Point

A

Temp required to kill all microbes in 10 min

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16
Q

static

A

slows growth/metabolism (bacteriostatic)

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17
Q

cidal

A

kills (bactericidal)

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18
Q

chemical methods of control

A

disinfectants
antiseptics
antimicrobials

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19
Q

disinfectants

A

high concentration used on hard surface e.g. Lysol

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20
Q

antiseptics

A

weaker than disinfectants used on people e.g. hydrogen peroxide

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21
Q

antimicrobials

A

taken internally (pill, IV, shot)

22
Q

types of antimicrobials

A

antibiotics
antivirals
antifungals
antiprotozoals
anthelminthics

23
Q

phenolics

A

e.g. Staphene & Lysol; work through membrane disruption & denature proteins

24
Q

heavy metals

A

e.g. copper, silver, nickel, zinc; antimicrobials work through charge disruption

25
Q

alcohol

A

denatures membranes & proteins

26
Q

“quats”

A

surfactants which use the disruption of membranes and water to cause cell lysis

27
Q

bisbiguanide

A

membrane disruption

28
Q

alkylating agents

A

formaldehyde; targets DNA & RNA

29
Q

H2O2

A

hydrogen peroxide

30
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide gas; makes carbonic acid & decrease cell pH

31
Q

food preservatives

A

change pH; block enzymes function & cell wall synthesis

32
Q

antibiotics

A

work against bacteria

33
Q

Triazoles

A

target cell wall synthesis

34
Q

Polyenes

A

cell membrane disruptors

35
Q

Echinacnodins

A

target non-ergosterol cell wall components

36
Q

Griseofulvins

A

cell divisions targeted

37
Q

antiprotozoans

A

work against protozoans

38
Q

naphaquinozone

A

mt disruptors (ATP synthesis)

39
Q

sulfonamide

A

folic acid synthesis inhibitors

40
Q

artemisinin

A

DNA synthesis

41
Q

avermectins & benzimidazoles

A

targets nerves

42
Q

antivirals

A

target viruses

43
Q

acyclovir & AZT

A

nucleic acid bases (substitute for normal DNA & RNA)

44
Q

etravirine

A

nucleic acid (interfere w/ replication)

45
Q

amantadine & rimantadine

A

escape from phagocytosis

46
Q

tamiflu & zanamavir

A

blocks neuramidase

47
Q

pleconaril

A

viral uncoating

48
Q

rltanvir & simepravir

A

protase

49
Q

raltegravir

A

treat HIV; integrases

50
Q

enfuvirtide

A

treat HIV; membrane fusion

51
Q

antimicrobial testing

A

Kirby Bauer & E test strip

micro (2 decks)

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