Micro Parasites Flashcards
Giardia lamblia What kind of organism? What does it cause? Presentation? Who gets it? Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Anaerobic parasitic protozoan Giardiasis: bloating flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea Campers/Hikers Cysts in water Trophozoite or cyst in stool Metronidazole
Entamoeba histolytica What kind of organism? What does it cause? Presentation? Histo Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Anaerobic parasitic protozoan
Amebiasis: bloody diarrhea, Liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate), RUQ pain
Flask-shaped ulcer if submucosal abscess of colon ruptures
Cysts in water
Serology +/or trophozoites (w/ RBCs in cyto) or cysts (w/ multiple nuclei) in stool
Metronidazole. Iodoquinol for asymptomatic cyst passers
Cryptosporidium What kind of organism? Who gets it? Presentation Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Parasitic protozoan
AIDS pts
Severe diarrhea. Watery diarrhea in non-immunocompromised
Cysts in water
Cysts on acid fast stain
Prevention (filtering water). Nitazoxanide in immunocompetent hosts
Toxoplasma gondii What is it? What kind of pt gets them? What do they cause? Imaging? Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Obligate, intracellular, parasitic protozoan
HIV pts
Brain abscess. Seen as ring-enhancing brain lesions on CT/MRI
Congenital toxoplasmosis = classic triad of Chorioretinitis (eye), Hydrocephalus, Intracranial calcification
Cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces (crosses placenta)
Serology, Biopsy
Sulfadiazine, Pyrimethamine
Naegleria fowleri What is it? What does it cause? Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Protists parasite
Rapidly fatal meningeoencephalitis
Swimming in freshwater lakes. Enters via cribiform plate
“Nalgene bottle filled with freshwater containing Naegleria”
Amoebas in spinal fluid
Amphotericin
Trypanosoma brucei Sub species? What kind of organisms is it? What does it cause? Presentation Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense
Protozoan
Africa sleeping sickness
Enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (antigenic variation), Somnolence, Coma
Tsetse fly (a painful bite)
Blood smear
Suramin for blood borne disease. Melarsoprol for CNS penetration
Plasmodium Species? What kind of organism? What do they cause? Presentation? Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
P vivax/ovale, P falciparum, P. malariae
Protists
Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
Mosquito (Anopheles)
Blood smear, Trophozoite ring form, RBC schizont with merozoites
Begin w/ Chloroquine (blocks plasmodium heme polymerase). If resistent use Mefloquine. If life threatening use IV quinidine and test for G6PD deficiency
Plasmodium vivax/ovale
Presentation
Treatment
48 hour cycle (fever on 1st and 3rd day - tertian) Dormant form (hypnozoite) in liver Add primaquine for hypnozoite and test for G6PD deficiency)
Plasmodium falcipartum
Presentation
Histo
Severe, irregular fever pattern.
Parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), Kidney, and Lungs
Banana shaped
Plasmodium malariae presentation
72 hour cycle (quartan)
Babesia What kind of organism? What does it cause? Presentation? Location? Risk? Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Protozoan parasite Babesiosis: fever and hemolytic anemia NE USA Asplenia --> risk of severe disease Ixodes tick (same as Lyme disease) Blood smear, ring form, "Maltese cross," PCR Atovaquone + Azithromycin
Trypanosoma cruzi What kind of organism? What do they cause? Presentation? Location Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Protozoan parasite Chagas' Disease: Dialted cardiomyopathy, Megacolon, Megaesophagus South America Reduviib bug (painless bite) Blood smear Nifurtimox
Leishmania donovani What kind of organism? What does it cause? presentation? Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Protozoa Visceral Leishmaniasis: Spiking fever, HSM, Pancytopenia Sandfly Macrophages containing amastigotes Sodium Stibogluconate
Trichomonas vaginalis What kind of organism What does it cause? Presentation Transmission Diagnosis Treatment
Anaerobic flagellated protozoan
Vaginitis: Foul smelling greenish discharge, itching and burning
Sexual (does not form cysts)
Trophozoites on wet mount
Metronidazole for pt and partners (prophylaxis)
Enterobius vermicularis What kind of organism? Name Transmission Disease Diagnosis Treatment
Nematode (roundworm). Pinworm Contaminated eggs Intestinal infection causing anal pruritus Scotch tape test Bendazoles or Pyrantel Pamoate "worms are BENDy, treat with meBENDzole"
Ascaris lumbricoides What kind of organism? Name Transmission Disease Diagnosis Treatment
Nematode (roundworm). Giant Roundworm Fecal-to-oral Intestinal infection Eggs visible in feces under microscope Bendazoles or Pyrantel Pamoate
Strongyloides stercoralis What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Treatment
Nematode (roundworm)
Larvae in soil penetrate skin
Intestinal infection causing vomiting, diarrhea, anemia
Ivermectin or Albenazole
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus What kind of organism? Name? Transmission Disease Treatment
Nematode (roundworm). Hookworm
Larvae penetrate skin
Intestinal infection causing anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls
Bendazoles or Pyrantel Pamoate
Dracunculus medinensis What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Treatment
Nematode (roundworm)
Drinking water
Skin inflammation and ulceration
Slow extraction of worms
Onchocerca volvulus What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Mechanism Treatment
Nematode (roundworm)
Female blackfly bite
Hyperpigmentated skin and river blindness
“Black flies, Black skin nodules, Block sight”
Allergic reaction to microfilaria posible
Ivermectin
“IVERmectin for rIVER blindness”
Loa Loa What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Treatment
Nematode (roundworm)
Deer, horse, or mango flies
Swelling in skin, worms in conjunctiva
Diethylcarbamazine
Wuchereria bancrofti What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Treatment
Nematode (roundworm)
Female mosquito
Blocks lymphatic vessels –> elephantiasis ~1 year after bite
Diethylcarbamazine
Toxacara canis What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Treatment
Nematode (roundworm)
Eggs
Visceral larva migrans
Albendazole or mebendazole
Nematodes Routes of Infection
“get sick if EAT these”
Enterobius, Ascaris, Trichinella
“Get these in your feet from SANd”
Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator
Taenia solium What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Treatment
Cestodes (tapeworm)
Larvae or eggs ingested in undercooked pork
Larvae: Intestinal infection, Praziquantel
Egg: Cysticercosis, Neurocysticercosis
Goes to Brain, Muscles, Heart, and Skin
Praziquantel, -bendazoles for neurocysticercosis
Diphyllobothrium latum What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Treatment
Cestodes (tapeworm)
Ingestion of larvae from raw freshwater fish
VitB12 deficiency –> anemia
Praziquantel
Echinococcus granulosus What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Treatment
Cestodes (tapeworm)
Ingestion of eggs from dog feces
Cysts in liver. Anaphylaxis of Ags released (surgeon’s preinject with EtOH to kill cysts before removal
-bendazoles
Schistosoma What kind of organism? Host Transmission Disease Treatment
Trematodes (flukes)
Snails
Cercariae (larva) penetrate skin
Liver and spleen granulomas, fibrosis and inflammation
Chronic infection with S haematobium can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder d
Praziquantel
Clonorchis sinensis What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Associated with? Treatment
Trematodes (flukes) Undercooked fish Biliary tract inflammation --> pigmented gallstones Cholangiocarcinoma Praziquantel
Paragonimus westermani What kind of organism? Transmission Disease Associated with? Treatment
Trematodes (flukes)
Undercooked crab meat
Lung inflammation and secondary bacterial infection with hemoptysis
Praziquantel
Brain cysts, Seizures
Taenia solium (Cysticercosis)
Liver cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
VitB12 deficiency?
Diphyllobothrium latum
Biliary tract disease, Cholangiocarcinoma
Clonorchis sinensis
Hemoptysis
Paragonimus westermani
Portal HTN
Schistosoma mansoni
Hematuria, Bladder Cancer
Schistosoma haematobium
Microcytic Anemia
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
Perianal pruritus
Enterobius
Helminths
Cestodes, Trematodes, Nematodes
