Micro-organisms in blood

Question 1

Difference b/w Babesia sp. vs Plasmodium sp. and similarities

Answer 1

Transmission: via tick (vs mosquito)
No. parasite in RBC: detect 4 in cross shape
SIMILAR: can have 1, 2 ring form in RBC. Use thick & thin film methods

Question 2

What’s the difference b/w African trypanosomiasis vs American trypanosomiasis ?

Answer 2

• Location of where a person initially got the bug
• Morphology: Amr is thicker than Afr & has a lrg kinetoplast at end opposite flagella than Afr
• Bug reservoir: Amr= Triatomine bug. Afr = Tsetse fly

Question 3

What methods can you dx trypanosomiasis

Answer 3

• thin & thick blood films
• Concentration tech: via quantitative buffy coat method - after centrifuge, capilary tube stand upright for 5 min & plasma interface is examined

Question 4

name 2 genus that infect leukocytes

Answer 4

Anaplasma (phagocytophilum)
& Ehrlichia (chafeensis, ewingii)

Question 5

What’s a morula?

Answer 5

aggregate of bacteria insite WBC (granulocyte)

Question 6

Detection of microfilariae (nematode)

Answer 6

Quantitative buffy coat: spun capillary tube & examine above buffy coat
& microhaematocrit method

Question 7

2 Specie name of the African Trypanosoma (aka sleeping sickness) & location of each

Answer 7

1. *Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in West Africa
2. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in East, Central & Southern Africa

Question 8

Specie name of the American Trypanosoma (aka Chagas disease)

Answer 8

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 9

What methods can you dx Babesiosis

Answer 9

• Microscopy on thick & thin films
• PCR & DNA sequencing
• Serology (for IgG)

Question 10

Pathophysiology of Anaplasma (or Ehrlicha) phagocytophilum (or E. equi)

Answer 10

• Transmitted by ticks (Amblyomma spp)
• Obligate intracellular bacteria => Anaplasmosis

Question 11

PB & BM findings on Anaplasma phagocytophilum or Erhlichia chaffeensis

Answer 11

• PB: lympho & thrombocytopenia, morula, inclusions in granulocytres
• BM: myeloid & MK hyperplasia, reactive histiocytes, haemophagocytic

Question 12

Detection method of Erhlichia sp & Anaplasma sp.

Answer 12

molecular-based tech. to distinguish these (bc no serology test can do this)

Question 13

Signs & symptoms of Erhlichia sp & Anaplasma sp.

Answer 13

Early signs
- fever, chills
- muscle aches
- nausea, vomiting, diahorrhea, loss of appetite

Late stage
- Respiratory failure
- bleeding problems
- organ failure
- death

Question 14

Name the genus for spirochaete bacteria

Answer 14

Borrelia sp.

Question 15

pathophysiology & clinical signs of Lyme disease

Answer 15

• transmitted via ticks
• causative: Borrelia burgdoferi
• C. signs: relapse fever, headaches

Question 16

BM & PB findings of lyme disease

Answer 16

PB: normocytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis, spirochaetes
BM: lymphoid hyperplasia, epitheloid granulomas

Question 17

dx of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Mansonella perstans, M.ozzardi (nematodes)

Answer 17

• Microscopy of thick & thin films (suggested to take around midnight)
• concentration techn. to inc. Sn: look @ buffy coat
• Ag detection: detect filarial Ag in blood