Cases affecting BM Flashcards
a) Convert ng/mL into SI units (ug/L)
b) Convert 1mm^3 into SI units (1 x10^9/L)
a) ng/mL = ug/L
b) mm^3 = uL then x by 10^6 to get 10^9/L
What’s the general term for activated macrophages engulfing RBC/WBC/MK. & specific term for WBC & RBC
Haemophagocytosis
- Leukophagocytosis
- Erythrophagocytosis
a) What is haemophagocytic syndrome &
b) what causes it
- aka haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis OR macrophage activation syndrome)
- haemophagocytosis & is the endpoint of disorders (inherited, Acquired (&non-) neoplastic) e.g. parvovirus B19 infection & HbS disease
- caused by excessive cytokine stimulation
Why/How might a patient w/ a yeast infection get pancytopenia?
When immune system is suppressed = affect BM => pancytopenia
What can a granuloma contain?
- epitheliod macrophage
- Langerhans (giant cells)
- fibrosis
- lymphocyte cuffing
- caseation
What is disseminated histoplasmosis (DHP) & its effects on body
- disseminated: spread across body
- histoplasmosis: infection w/ Histoplasma sp.
=> granuloma & pancytopenia
what’s the significance of finding monoclonal protein in serum protein electrophorhesis
monoclonal protein usually assoc. with multiple myeloma
What would you expect in FBC & PB in a patient that’s been infected by a parasiste?
eosinophilia
What is posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)
- heterogenous lymphoid disorder
- Range from not painful polyclonal proliferations to aggressive lymphomas that complicate solid organ or haematopoetic transplantation
Which Mycobacterium sp. are a) rapid-growing (7-10days) and
b) slow-growing (14+ days)
a) Rapid: M. abscessus & M. fortuitum
b) Slow: M. avium & M. intracellularae
What is Coxiella burnetii?
- obligate intracellular bacteria
- causes Q fever
what reasons might explain the FBC findings:
• Hb: 66 g/L
•Reticulocyte count: 0.2% (LLimit of range)
• Epo: 750mIU/ML (N: 3-19mIU/mL)
- Anaemia
- Retic. not inc. even though EPO is high
=> marrow not responding to EPO
What further testing is used to confirm the origin of cells (if Erythroid)
• Glycophorin
• E-cadherin
What is the effect of Parvovirus B19?
=> red cell aplasia
- erythroid maturation arrest
- BM: giant proerythroblast (viral transformation, (& neoplasm))
• Erythroid hypoplasia
• Intranuclear viral inclusions
• Dysplastic changes
- PB: anaemia, Pancytopenia, neutropenia
What’s the effect of steroid therapy?
immunosuppression => susceptibilty of infection w/ organisms
a) what is Leishmania
b) How it’s transmitted
a) parasite
b) bite from sandfly
a) define osteomyelitis
b) what makes ppl susceptible to this
a) Inflammation of bone marrow
b) ppl w/ trilineage hypoplasia & immuno-compromised
What is filgrastim?
Filgrastim is granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
what might you dx a cond that showed in BM:
• megaloblastic changes in erythroid precursors
• bi/multinucleated normoblast (nRBC)
Congenital dyserythropoetic anaemia
a) What does the Alcian blue stain (on BM) stain
b) what could it indicate if found in BM
a) acidic polysaccharides e.g. glycoaminoglycans
b) Gelatinous transformation of BM (GTBM)
What features might you see in Gelatinous transformation of BM (GTBM)
•adipocyte atrophy (dec size)
• haematopoetic tiss. hyoplasia
• extracellular deposition of gelatinous substance
What is cystinosis
• defect in cyctine transport (bc cystinosin) & accumulates in lysosome esp in kidneys => progress. kidney failure
• mutation in CTNS gene
significance of these crystals:
• Cystine
• Haematoidin
•Charcot-Leyden (CL)
• C: cystinosis
• H: from breakdown of RBC after necrosis/haemorrhage
• CL: by-product of eosinophils (infection, allergy)
What’s Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
• Autoimmune disorder
• its features commonly seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and polymyositis
macrophage iron accumulation occurs in waht 3 condition states
• anaemia of inflammation/chronic disease
• Iron overload (esp after transfus. w/ Fe in severe Thalass)
• Hereditary haemochromatosis
