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micro-organisms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how are all organisms on earth classified?

A

classified into the five kingdoms.

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2
Q

what are the five kingdoms?

A

1) kingdom Plantae
2) Kingdom Animalia
3) Kingdom Fungi
4) Kingdom Protista
5) Kingdom Monera

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3
Q

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Plantae

A
  • multi-cellular organisms are able to photosynthesis.
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4
Q

examples of organisms in Kingdom Plantae

A

1) flowering plants
2) ferns
3) mosses

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5
Q

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Animalia

A
  • heterotrophic animals
  • multi-cellular
  • their source of food depends if they are herbivores/ carnivores
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6
Q

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Fungi

A
  • either saprophytes or parasites.
  • some are unicellular and microscopically small.
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7
Q

examples of organisms in Kingdom Fungi

A

1) yeasts
2) moulds
3) mushrooms

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8
Q

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Protista

A
  • eukaryotic
  • unicellular organisms
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9
Q

examples of organisms in Kingdom Protista

A

1) animal-like protozoa
2) unicellular algae
3) slime moulds
4) water mould

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10
Q

characteristics of organisms in Kingdom Monera

A
  • includes all the prokaryotic organisms
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11
Q

an example of an organism in the Kingdom Monera

A

bacteria

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12
Q

what are prokaryotic organisms?

A

the cells in these organisms do not have a nucleus or any cellular bodies. their genetic material (DNA) is not encased in a nucleus.

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13
Q

what are eukaryotic organisms?

A

the cells in these organisms contain a variety of cellular bodies called organelles. the various vital functions (metabolism) of the cell occur in these organelles.

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14
Q

when are micro-organisms useful?

A

when they play a role in the ecosystem as decomposers of dead plant and animal matter.

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15
Q

why is that process essential?

A

it recycles essential nutrients into the soil.

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16
Q

when are micro-organisms harmful?

A

when they cause disease in plants and animals.

17
Q

how are micro-organisms divided?

A

1) viruses
2) kingdom Monera
3) kingdom Fungi
4) kingdom protista

18
Q

why aren’t viruses seen as living organisms?

A

they show no characteristics of life and can only multiply inside living organisms.

19
Q

characteristics of viruses?

A

1) consist of a protein capsule that surrounds a nucleic acid.
2) are very small.
3) size varies from 10 nm to 200 nm.
4) have symmetrical shapes
5) distributed in means of food, contact and vectors.

20
Q

what is bacteriophage?

A

a type of virus that feeds onto bacteria.

21
Q

what are some diseases caused by viruses?

A
  • common colds
  • influenza
  • polio
  • chicken pox
  • fever blisters
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Covid-19
22
Q

how can bacteria be defined.

A

organisms that contain nuclear material and are surrounded by a membrane.

23
Q

where can bacteria be found?

A

in the air, soil, water, dead and living matter

24
Q

what is the common size of bacteria?

A

5 um to less than 1 um

25
Q

how can bacteria be classified according to their shape?

A

round / spherical: cocci
rod- shaped: bacillus
spiral-shaped: spirillum

26
Q

who was Robert Koch?

A

he was a German bacteriologist during the 19th century and is generally considered to be one of the two founders of modern bacteriology. Koch discovered the tuberculosis bacterium in 1882. In 1905, Koch won the Nobel Prize for physiology or Medicine “for his investigation and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis”

27
Q

an example of a useful bacteria.

A

fermenting bacteria
= acetic acid bacteria and lactic acid bacteria

28
Q

what are some diseases caused by harmful bacteria?

A
  • tuberculosis
  • diphtheria
  • Gastirc fever
29
Q

name the disease caused by rotting food that causes severe food poisoning?

A

Salmonella

30
Q

what is the result of misuse of antibiotics against TB?

A

TB spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes, causing the air droplets containing the bacteria, to infect many other people. Because of the misuse of antibiotics, TB bacteria have become resistant to a number of treatments.

31
Q

true of false: fungi can only be unicellular.

A

false.
fungi can be multi-cellular and unicellular

32
Q

true or false: fungi are eukaryotic because they contain a nucleus

A

true.

33
Q

what do fungi depend on to live?

A

fungi depend on depend organic matter in order to live as they are heterotrophic organisms

34
Q

why are yeast cells useful to bakers and brewers?

A

yeast cells convert sugars into carbon dioxide and ethanol.

35
Q

what is used to manufacture antibiotics?

A

a useful microscopic fungus called Penicillium

36
Q
A

life science (11 decks)

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