Micro molecules Flashcards
What are the monosaccharides molecules?
The monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
What are the disaccharides molecules?
The major disaccharides include sucrose (one glucose molecule and one fructose molecule), lactose (one glucose molecule and one galactose molecule), and maltose (two glucose molecules).
storage carbohydrates
Starch for energy storage in plant cells, eg potatoes
glycogen energy storage in animal cells eg muscle cells.
pectin storage in plants
structural carbohydrates
cellulose is used for structure support in plant cells.
Chitin is found in the cell walls of Fungi and insects.
peptidoglycan found in cell wall of a bacteria
what are the most important types of lipids?
fats, phospholipids, and steroids
what are the functions of lipids?
store chemical energy, act as signals between cells, pigments that capture/respond to sunlight, waterproof coatings in leaves and skin, insulate/hydrate/cushion tissues, and components of plasma membranes.
Fats are
hydrophobic, they store energy.
saturated and non saturated fats
saturated have no double bonds, hence they are highly packed and have a maximum number of hydrogen atoms bound to the carbon skeleton.
unsaturated have one or more double bonds, hence preventing molecules from packing tightly allowing fluidity and fewer hydrogen atoms due to double bonds.
phospholipids structure
have a polar hydrophilic head composed of phosphate materials and 2 hydro carbonic tails (fatty acids tails) combined with a short glycerol molecule (non-polar hydrophobic tails).
steroids
contains a carbon skeleton with four fused rings
various functional groups attached to the rings and hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail.
type of steroids
cholesterol, made in the liver, common in animal membranes, essential in sending nerve impulses.
