MICRO MIDTERM REVIEWER OF LESSON 5 Flashcards
It refers to how individuals or small groups adjust their behaviors, perceptions, or beliefs in response to new information or experiences. This concept can be applied in various fields, such as psychology, education, and sociology.
Accomodations
• The concept of inns originated from the need to provide accommodations for travelers.
• The Bible mentions roadside inns, such as the one where Joseph, Christ’s foster father, was told
there was no room.
• Excavations in Pompeii suggest that the Romans had established a trade around inns.
Early Inns and the Roman Era
• During the Middle Ages, inns became more common due to improved security and travel conditions.
• The Industrial Revolution led to increased demand for accommodations as people migrated to cities.
• The emergence of the middle class fueled the growth of hotels and inns.
Medieval Inns and the Industrial Revolution
• The popularity of sun vacations led to the development of resort hotels offering specialized
services for various interests.
• Hotels adapted to modern traveler needs through renovations and architectural changes,
incorporating features like atrium lobbies and recreational facilities.
Resort Hotels and Architectural Changes
• American hotel chains expanded overseas to meet the global demand for accommodations.
• Hilton, Intercontinental, Sheraton, and Holiday Inn established properties in various
countries.
International Expansion
Traditional Accommodations
Hotels
Motels
Resort Hotels
Pension
Condominium hotels
Campgrounds
Bed and Breakfast
Tourist inns
Apartment-Hotels
It Offer a wide range of amenities, from basic to luxurious, and are suitable for various
budgets and preferences.
Hotels
Primarily cater to transient travelers, offering basic rooms and free parking.
Motels
It is Ideal for vacationers, often located near beaches and offering additional amenities
like shops and recreational activities.
Resort Hotels
Family-owned accommodations, typically found in Europe, offering a more informal
atmosphere.
Pensions
It Combine hotel services with apartment-style living, offering ownership
options to guests
Condominium Hotels
It Appeal to outdoor enthusiasts and families, often located in parks or forests.
Campgrounds
Provide a bed and breakfast, often in a home-like setting.
Bed and Breakfasts
Basic accommodations for transient travelers, often below hotel standards.
Tourist Inns
Offer furnished apartments with basic services, similar to hotels.
Apartment-Hotels
Specialized Accommodations
Health Spas
Private Homes
Time-Sharing
Hostels
There are different ways of classifying hotels, such as location, type of guest, and price. According to
location, hotels may be center-city, suburban, airport, or highway. Based on guest type, hotels are
classified as commercial, conventions, or resort. According to price, hotels are categorized as
economy, standard, first class, or deluxe.
Classification of Hotels
A hotel organization can be large and complex. A typical hotel has seven major divisions, namely:
personnel, engineering and maintenance, accounting, security, food and beverage, marketing and
sales, and room division. Each division is run by its own division head.
Organization of the Lodging Industry
They recruits new employees and administers policies and employee benefits for
the company.
personnel division
They makes the necessary repairs and implements the
hotel’s energy management program.
The engineering and maintenance division
They handles the financial activities of the operation which include payment of
bills, sending out statements, payroll, and compiling monthly income statements.
The accounting division
It provides protection for both employees and guests
Security division
It is responsible for the food and beverages that are served.
The food and beverage division
It is responsible for selling the rooms and food service. It is involved
in advertising, development of promotional materials, and making direct contacts with prospective
clients.
The marketing and sales division
It is responsible for the frontdesk, telephone, reservations, and housekeeping
department.
The room division
Management Method
Traditional Methods
Specialized Methods
Chain Operations
Referral Groups
Hotel Terminology
• Individual Ownership: Hotels owned and operated by individuals or families.
• Leases: Hotels leased by operators from owners, who then manage the property.
Traditional Methods
Hotels owned and operated by individuals or families.
• Individual Ownership
Hotels leased by operators from owners, who then manage the property.
• Leases
*it usually owned and operated by the same person or company.
*Hotels owned and operated by franchisees under a franchisor’s brand, following specific standards and
guidelines.
• Franchising
*Hotels managed by professional companies on behalf of owners, with the management
company receiving fees based on performance.
*IT IS A RECENT PHONOMENON
Management Contracts
Hotels owned by a single company, with standardized policies and practices.
• Centralized Ownership
Combinations of owned and franchised units within a chain.
Mixed Models
IT BECOME POPULAR BECAUSE THE INDIVIDUAL OWNER OR OPERATIR CAN REMAIN INDEPENDENT WHILE ACHIEVING MANY OF THE BENEFITS OF A CHAIN GROUP.
Referral Groups
ROOM RATES FOR HOTELS QUOTED IN TERMDS OF WHAT MEALS ARE INCLUDED IN THE PRICE.
HOTEL TERMINOLOGY
Hotels that remain independent but benefit from membership in
referral groups for marketing and reservation purposes.
Independent Ownership
Quoted based on meal inclusions (European Plan, American Plan, Modified
American Plan, Bermuda Plan).
Room Rates
Maximum published rates for rooms.
Rack Rates
Special rates offered to specific groups or for conventions.
Discounted Rates
is a critical process for hotels and travelers
alike. While computerized systems have improved efficiency, overbooking
remains a challenge due to no-shows. Hotels employ strategies like early
arrival stipulations and deposits to mitigate this risk.
Accommodation reservation
serve as valuable marketing tools, providing
information about guests’ preferences and demographics. This data helps
hotels tailor their marketing efforts and understand their target audience.
Guest registration cards
is essential for attracting guests. Hotels utilize
various channels, including travel trade, direct mail, print media, and online
platforms.
The relationship between airlines and hotels
*HOTELS ARE OPERATED BY THE PEOPLE WHO OWN THE PFOPERTY.
*IN SOMD CASES, THE OPERATOR MAY LEASE THE HOTEL FROM THE OWNER AND MANAGE IT.
*IN OTHER CASES, SPECIAL SREANGEMENT ARE MADE SUCH AS FRANCHISING AND MANAGEMENT CONTRACTS.
MANAGEMENT METHODS
IT OFTEN HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO IMPLEMENT EMPLOYIEE SELECTION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS, TO BUY A MAJOR AS GUEST ROOM LAYOUT AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENTS.
CHAIN ACCOMODATIONS OPERATION (CAO)
IT IS A SIMPLE MEASURE OF HOTELS PROFITABILITY
ROOM OCCUPANCY
*It is not usually the best measure of marketing success for a hotel because it does not show whether the revenue is being maximized.
* It determined by dividing the number of guests accomodated during a certain period by the total number of guest rooms during that same period.
DOUBLE OCCUPANCY ROOMS
TO MAXIMIZE REVENUE AND INCREASE ROOM OCCUPANCY, HOTELS TRY TO INCREASE THE LENGTH OF STAY OF CUSTOMERS THROUGH ADVERTISING AND OTHER MARKETING METHODS.
AVERAGE LENGTH OF STAY
It is that poinr at which a business will make neither a profit nor a loss.
BREAKEVEN POINT
THIS IS OBTAINED BY DIVIDING TOTAL ROOM REVENUE FOR A PERIOD BY THE TOTAL NUMBER KF GUESTS ACCOMODATED.
AVERAGE DAILY RATE PER GUEST
*HOTELS USE THE DIRECT MAIL APPROACH TO GROUPS WHO WOULD LIKE TO HOLD MEETINGS,CONVENTIONS,OR CONFERENCES IN THE HOTEL.
*IT PROMOTES THEIR PROPERTIES TO MEMBERS OF THE TRABEL TRADE AS WELL AS TO TOUR WHOLE SALER AND TRAVEL AGENCIES.
*THEY PROVIDE THE TRAVEL TRADE WITH PRINTED PROMOTIONSL LITRATURE AND INVITE THEM SS GUESTS ON FAMILLIARIZATION TRIPS.
ACCOMODATION PROMOTION
AIRLINES GRANT AIRLINE PASSENGERS EXTRA MILLEAGE POINTS FOR STAYING IN PARTICIPATING HOTELS.
FREQUENT FLYER LINKS
*THIS IS A NATURAL LINKS BETWEEN AIRLINE COMPANIES AND HOTELS.
*ONE OF THE FIRST LINK WAS PAN AM WHICH TIED IN WITH THE INTERNATIONAL HOTELS IN THE 1940s
HOTELS AND AIRLINES
