Micro/Macro-Nutrients

Question 1

Functions of protein

Answer 1

Growth of body tissues or cells in children
Repair of body tissues or cells in children and adults
Maintenance of body tissues

Growth, Repair, Maintenance of Body Cells and Tissues

Question 2

Sources of protein

Answer 2

HBV: meat & dairy (chicken, eggs, sausages, cheese)

LBV: plant sources (nuts, beans, lentils)

Question 3

Too little/too much of protein

Answer 3

Too much: converted to fat

Too little: slower growth in children
cuts/wounds longer to heal

Question 4

Functions of carbohydrates

Answer 4

Energy

Warmth

Provides NSP to aid digestion

Question 5

Sources of carbohydrates

Answer 5

Starch: bread, rice, potatoes
Fibre/NSP: skin of fruits, wholemeal (kiwi, oats, apples)

Sugars: chocolate, sweets, cakes

Question 6

Too much/too little of carbohydrates

Answer 6

Too much: converted to fat (obesity, dental caries, diabetes)

Too little: tiredness

Question 7

Functions of fat

Answer 7

Energy

Warmth

Provides ADE and essential fatty acids

Question 8

Sources of fat

Answer 8

Saturated: (solid/animal) butter, bacon, cheese, cakes, meat

Unsaturated: (liquid/plant) oil, nuts, seeds

• Essential fatty acids: oily fish(omega3)
• Transfatty acids: hard math, biscuits, cakes, fried foods

Question 9

Too much/too little fat

Answer 9

Too much: obesity, HBP, CHD

Too little: not enough essentials, not enough fat soluble vitamins

Question 10

Functions of vitamin A

Answer 10

Night vision

Maintenance of healthy skin

Normal growth of children

Question 11

Sources of vitamin A

Answer 11

Animal: milk, cheese, butter
Plant: carrots, apricots, tomatoes

Question 12

Too little/too much of vitamin A

Answer 12

Too little: night blindness, dry/infected skin

Too much: during pregnancy it is harmful to developing foetus

Question 13

Functions of vitamin D

Answer 13

Absorption of calcium

Forms strong bones and teeth

Quicker healing of bone fractures

Question 14

Sources of vitamin D

Answer 14

Sunlight, oily fish, marg. by law, fortified breakfast cereal

Question 15

Too little of vitamin D

Answer 15

Poor growth, rickets, osteoporosis

Question 16

Functions of vitamin E

Answer 16

ANTIOXIDANT - prevents cancers and heart disease

Question 17

Sources of vitamin E

Answer 17

Oatmeal, peanuts, liver

Question 18

Too little of vitamin E

Answer 18

Premature babies in unit to receive VE to reduce or prevent damage to eyes

Question 19

Functions and too little of vitamin B

Answer 19

Releases energy from carbohydrates
e.g.
Whole meal bread

Too little: tiredness, depressed/anxiety, slow growth in children

Question 20

Functions and sources of vitamin B1

Answer 20

Nervous system to function properly
Normal growth in children
General good health

milk/eggs, brown rice, liver/kidney

Question 21

Functions and sources of vitamin B2

Answer 21

Normal growth

Green leafy veg, milk/eggs, liver/kidney

Question 22

Functions and sources of vitamin B3

Answer 22

Healthy skin and nerves

Meat, poultry/fish, pulses/nuts

Question 23

Functions and sources of vitamin B12

Answer 23

Prevents certain forms of anaemia
Protects nervous system

All animal products
Fortified breakfast cereals

Question 24

Functions, sources and too little of folic acid

Answer 24

Formation of red blood cells
Protects against spina bifada

Green leafy veg, fortified cereal, dairy

Spina bifida
Nervous system doesn’t function properly
Anaemia

Question 25

Functions of vitamin C

Answer 25

Absorption of iron Makes connective tissues Quicker wound and cut healing

Question 26

Sources of vitamin C

Answer 26

Oranges, blackcurrants, citrus fruits, kiwi

Question 27

Too little of vitamin C

Answer 27

Cuts and wounds take longer to heal Anaemia Cancer and heart disease