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ABS MT 2 > Micro Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Micro Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

General charact. of viruses?

A

Contain DNA or RNA, protein coat, few or no enzymes for metabolism

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2
Q

Virion

A

Complete, fully developed, capable of infection

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3
Q

Parts of virion

A

Nucleic acid, capsid, envelope, spikes

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4
Q

What is capsid composed of?

A

Capsomeres (proteins), promotes virus’ attachment to host cell

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5
Q

Envelope

A

Covers capsid in some viruses, lipid/protein/carb coating

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6
Q

Spikes

A

Allow viral attachment to host, means of identification, enables hemagglutination

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7
Q

Name general morphology of viruses:

A

Helical: rabies, ebola
Polyhedral: adenovirus, poliovirus
Enveloped: influenza, herpes
Complex: bacteriophages, poxviruses

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8
Q

What is cytopathic effect?

A

Observed deterioration of virally infected cells (normal cells grow in monolayer, transformed cells fuse), stops cell synthesis

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9
Q

How are viruses identified?

A

Serological: Western blot

Nucleic acids: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms, PCR

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10
Q

What occurs during lytic cycle?

A

Phage causes lysis and death of host cell

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11
Q

What occurs during lysogenic cycle?

A

Dormant/latent phase. Phage DNA incorporated into host DNA, specialized transduction.

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12
Q

What are the results of lysogeny?

A

Immunity of lysogenic cells to reinfection by same phage.
Phage conversion.
Specialized transduction (bact. genes transferred to another bacterium via phage).

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13
Q

What are stages of multiplication of animal viruses?

A

Attachment –> entry –> uncoating –> biosynthesis –> maturation –> release

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14
Q

Adenoviridae

A

dsDNA, nonenveloped ***EYE INFECTIONS / VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS

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15
Q

Poxviridae

A

dsDNA, enveloped (smallpox)

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16
Q

Herpesviridae

A

dsDNA, enveloped, ***Epstein-Barr

17
Q

Papovaviridae

A

dsDNA, noneveloped, **HPV

18
Q

Hepadnaviridae

A

dsDNA, enveloped, Hep B ***uses reverse transcriptase

19
Q

Picornaviridae

A

ssRNA, + strand, nonenveloped, poliovirus

20
Q

Togaviridae

A

ssRNA, + strand, enveloped, rubella

21
Q

Rhabdoviridae

A

ssRNA, - strand, enveloped, rabies

22
Q

Reoviridae

A

dsRNA, nonenveloped, rotavirus

23
Q

Retroviridae

A

ssRNA, enveloped, HIV, ***uses reverse transcriptase

24
Q

What are oncogenes responsible for?

A

Transforming normal cells to cancer cells

25
Q

What is in transformed cell?

A

TSTA- tumor specific transplant antigen on surface or T antigen in nucleus

26
Q

What are some cytopathic effects?

A

Stops cell synthesis
Loss of contact inhibition (transformation)
Interferons (alpha, beta) to protect uninfected cells
Antigenic changes on cell surface

27
Q

What is a fusing of cells?

A

Synctium

28
Q

What are interferons? What are the 3 types?

A

Cytokines produced by lymphocytes and macrophages; are antiviral. IFN alpha/beta cause cells to make antiviral proteins. IFN gamma cause neutrophils/macrophages to kill bact.

29
Q

Give an example of cell-mediated immunity.

A

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte: kills self-cells altered by infection

30
Q

What are 3 things a vaccine does?

A
  • primary immune response
  • antibodies and memory cells
  • rapid, intense secondary response
31
Q

What are antimicrobial biocides effective against?

A

Lipid-soluble, enveloped host viruses

32
Q

What do entry and fusion inhibitor antivirals do?

A

Block receptors on host cell that bind to virus / block fusion of virus and cell

33
Q

What do nucleic acid inhibitor antivirals do?

A

Analogs inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis

34
Q

What do protease inhibitor antivirals do?

A

Block cleavage of protein precursors

35
Q

What do exit inhibitor antivirals do?

A

Inhibit enzyme required for virus to bud from host. ***Tamiflu

36
Q

Define antiretroviral

A

RNA, requires reverse transcriptase

37
Q

What are viroids?

A

Short pieces of naked DNA

38
Q

What is a virion?

A

A complete infectious particle

ABS MT 2 (5 decks)

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