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Micro Exams > Micro Lab Exam > Flashcards

Micro Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Culture media

A

provide the necessary nutrients and conditions to support the growth and proliferation of microorganisms

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2
Q

Complex media

A

these media provide a broad range of nutrients and support the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, including those with complex nutritional requirements
- multiple ingredients
- wide range

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3
Q

Defined media

A

useful when studying the specific nutritional requirements or metabolic pathways of microorganisms

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4
Q

broth

A

liquid
- does not contain agar

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5
Q

solid medium

A

agar (solidified)

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6
Q

plates

A

When media is allowed to
solidify in Petri dishes

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7
Q

deep

A

When media is allowed to solidify in test tubes in a fully upright position
- used for anaerobic (without oxygen) growth

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8
Q

slant

A

when media is allowed to solidify in test tubes at an angle

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9
Q

Broths

A

liquid media that provide a
homogeneous growth environment, allowing microorganisms to grow and multiply in suspension
- large number of cells
- facilitate the production of microbial
metabolites

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10
Q

Sterilization

A

the process of killing or removal of all viable microorganisms

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11
Q

Autoclaving

A

high-pressure steam in a sealed device called an autoclave to achieve sterilization
- effective in killing both vegetative
cells and endospores (which are highly heat-resistant) of microorganisms
- 121°C at 15 pounds per square inch (psi) for 15 minutes – 1 hour (depending on what and how much is being sterilized)

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12
Q

Dry heat sterilization

A

flaming
- kills by oxidation effects

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13
Q

Filtration

A

passing a liquid or gas through a filter with pore sizes too small for the passage of microbes, but large enough to allow passage of the liquid or
gas
- sterilizing heat-sensitive solutions or for removing microbes from the air in laminar flow hoods.

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14
Q

Cold-sterilization

A

no heat
- Certain gases, such as ethylene oxide, can be used to sterilize heat-sensitive or moisture-sensitive materials
- referred to as gas chemosterilizers

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15
Q

Electromagnetic Radiation

A

microwaves
- Ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes damage to the DNA (e.g. thymine dimers) leading to the death of exposed organisms
- Ionizing radiation causes ions and other reactive molecules to be produced and these reactive molecules can degrade or alter biopolymers such as DNA and proteins

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16
Q

Leeuwenhoek

A

one of the first people to observe
microorganisms
- ended the thinking that
matter could arise spontaneously from non-living matter (the theory of spontaneous generation)

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17
Q

Spallanzani

A

discovered that broth infusions remained uncontaminated with
microorganisms if they were first boiled

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18
Q

Robert Koch

A

established that microbes could cause disease
- He found that blood samples
of anthrax infected cattle always contained large numbers of Bacillus anthracis

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19
Q

Koch’s postulates

A

link between the presence of a specific bacterial species and specific disease symptoms

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20
Q

the germ theory of disease

A

microbes were recognized as the causative agents of some human diseases

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21
Q

Pure cultures

A

only one species of microorganism and are needed to characterize and identify microbes

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22
Q

pathogenic

A

the minority of microbes, disease-causing for humans
- The majority of microorganisms are nonpathogenic

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23
Q

Nomenclature

A

system of naming microorganisms

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24
Q

Binomial Name

A

genus is capitalized, species is lower case, entire name is italicized

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25
Q

normal microbiota, normal flora

A

microorganisms that are more or less permanent residents of our body for the duration of our lifetime

26
Q

transient microbiota, transient flora

A

Organisms which may be present on the body temporarily, but do not establish themselves as permanent
residents

27
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

made the rule of washing hands to lower infection rate in patients from medical students not washing hands

28
Q

Joseph Lister

A

focused on infections that followed compound fractures - a fracture resulting in a break in the skin and
bone exposure

29
Q

Accuracy

A

measures how close results are to the true or known value

30
Q

Precision

A

measures how close the results are to one another

31
Q

ocular lens

A

the lens that is closest to the eye when someone looks through an optical device to observe an object or sample

32
Q

ocular lens magnification

A

10x

33
Q

What are the 4 objective lenses that are on the microscope?

A

Scanning (4x), Low (10x), High (40x), and Oil Immersion (100x)

34
Q

COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

A

A rapid control which allows for quick focusing by moving the objective lens or stage up and down

35
Q

FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

A

A slow but precise control used to fine focus the image when viewing at the higher magnifications

36
Q

Total magnification

A

the product of the objective and ocular lenses

37
Q

Compound light microscopes

A

limited by their resolving power

38
Q

compound light microscope resolution of

A

0.2 µm

39
Q

Refractive indexes

A

determines the speed by which light travels through a medium

40
Q

Which material have similar refractive indexes?

A

cooking oil and typical glass

41
Q

Oil immersion

A

should only be used with the 100x objective lens

42
Q

mixed population

A

two or more organisms

43
Q

minority of microbes

A

pathogens

44
Q

majority of microbes

A

bacteria or viruses

45
Q

Nosocomial Infections

A

hospital acquired infections

46
Q

Anionic surfactants

A

Hydrophilic End: dissolves in water
Hydrophobic End: dissolves nonpolar molecules – dirt and oil

47
Q

Emulsification

A

assists with removal of insoluble matter with water

48
Q

The 5 I’s for Culturing bacteria in lab are

A

Inoculation, Incubation, Isolation, Inspection (Observation), and Identification

49
Q

Subculturing

A

transferring a single colony to a new plate

50
Q

Colony Morphology

A

shape, texture, margin, elevation, pigment

51
Q

For colony size

A

1cm = 10mm

52
Q

Stains are chromophores

A

charged ions

53
Q

Negative Stain

A

acidic, indirect
does not require heat fixing

54
Q

Simple Stain

A

basic, direct
does require heat fixing

55
Q

Gram-positive bacteria

A

thick, retains primary stain

56
Q

Gram-negative bacteria

A

thin, Primary stain will be washed away during decolorizing step
Retains counterstain

57
Q

Eukaryotic flagellum

A

made of microtubules; driven by dynein motor proteins

58
Q

Prokaryotic flagellum

A

made of filament, hook, basal body/motor

59
Q

Spread Plating

A

countable between 30-300

60
Q

Spot Plating

A

countable 5-25

Micro Exams (4 decks)

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