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Minor Surgical Procedures > Micro final > Flashcards

Micro final Flashcards

1
Q

an aerobic, gram negative bacillus is known to cause gastric ulcers

A

Helicobacter pylori

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2
Q

in 1867, ———- began the age of chemical control of the atmosphere. He used aqueous phenol to disinfect instruments, soak dressings, and spray the air of surgical room

A

Lister

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3
Q

— ——– is commonly present on skin and mucous membranes, especially those of the nose and mouth. It is gram positive and is the cause of such suppurative conditions as boils carbuncles and internal abscesses

A

S.aureus

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4
Q

—- ——- is the causitive organism of tetany or lockjaw, . Commonly found in soil contaminated with animal fecal waste . Protection is provided by receiving tatanus toxoid to stimulate antibodies against tetanus toxins. a booster may be given when a dangerous wound is received

A

C. Tetani

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5
Q

——- ——— is caused by microorganism C perfringens

A

Gas gangrene

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6
Q

—— ——- ——- are aknown as nosocomical, they can be acquired due to improper technique

A

hospital aquired infections

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7
Q

——- are responsile for bacterial motility.

A

Flagella

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8
Q

——— are the powerhouse of the cell

A

mitochondria

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9
Q

Where is Ribonucleic acid (RNA) manufactered

A

in the Nucleolus, and controls cellular protein synthesis

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10
Q

spiral shaped bacteria

A

Spirilli

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11
Q

what is the pathogen most commonly associated with SSI’s

A

Staphylococcus Areus

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12
Q

What is the bodies first line of defense

A

skin

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13
Q

——- and ——- are caused by gram positive anaerobic bacteria

A

Tetenus and Botulism

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14
Q

What is the microbe responsible for causing gangrene

A

C. Perfringens

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15
Q

——– microbes can survive in an enviroment that contains oxygen or no oxygen

A

Facultative

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16
Q

———— is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and usually infects the lungs

A

Tuberculosis

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17
Q

the contamination of an individual or object upon contact with a contaminated item

A

cross contamination

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18
Q

Clostridium perfringens cause:

A

Gas Gangrene

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19
Q

a —— ——– is considered a continued presence of infection. An acute infection is a serious infection with an abrupt onset and progesses rapidly

A

Chronic infection

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20
Q

an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographic area infection much of the population of that area

A

pandemic

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21
Q

———- is the relationship of two organisms and one benefits at the expense of the other

A

parasitism

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22
Q

——— is the relationship etween two organisms and both benefit

A

Mutualism

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23
Q

———- is the relationship between two organisms that occupy the same space, one benefits, the other doesnt, but neither is harmed

A

commensalism

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24
Q

——- are part of the group of eukaryotic organisms, they are unicellular, and include yeasts and molds

A

Fungi

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25
Q

——- ——- are mibcrobes that reside on the skin and are easily removed

A

transient flora

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26
Q

—– ——— —– include amniotic fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, semen, spinal fluid, synovial fluid, and vaginal secretions. Saliva has not been implicated in HIV transmission

A

Hazardous body fluid

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27
Q

the —— —— is very useful because it classifies bacteria into two large groups: Gram positive and Gram Negative

A

Gram Stain

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28
Q

—— allows the passage of a solvent, usually water to pass through the membrane from the region of lower concentration of a soluteto the region of hhigher conventration of the two solutions

A

osmosis

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29
Q

—– —— ——- is the only one of these microorganisms that can be transmitted through a needlestick

A

Hepatitus B VIrus

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30
Q

—— ——– occurs when an organism or population of organisms is no longer capable of reproduction

A

Microbial Death

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31
Q

what disease is caused by prions

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

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32
Q

The majority of microbes are ———. This means they grow and flourish in the presence of oxygen

A

aerobes

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33
Q

—— ——–, commonly called “cold sores” or fever blisters, is an example of a viral agent capable of latent periods where the virus is not multiplied.

A

Herpes simplex

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34
Q

an ischemic necrotic wound caused by C. Perfringens causes

A

gas gangrene

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35
Q

——— are more complex and include protozoa, fungi, green red and brown algae, and all plant and animal cells including human cells

A

Eukaryotes

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36
Q

——- are gram negative bacteria. they produce the host cellof arthropods and mammals.

A

Rickettsia

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37
Q

—. ——– is a gram positive bacterium and is frequently found in the respiratory tract and on the skin

A

S. Aureus

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38
Q

——– are flatworms that live in the intestines of animals.

A

tapeworms

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39
Q

——– are part of the group of eukaryotic organisms, they are unicellular and include yeasts and molds

A

Fungi

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40
Q

—— is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number of chromosomes.

A

Mitosis

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41
Q

—— ——- is when the cell divides into two equal daughter cells

A

Binary Fission

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42
Q

———- is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosons of the parents cell.

A

Meiosis

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43
Q

——– is when a liquid passes form a lower concentration through a membrane into an area with a higher concentration to balance them.

A

osmosis

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44
Q

———- —— is a gram negative rob that is part of the normal flora of the intestinal tract of humans and is also an opportunistic bacteria

A

Esherichia coli

45
Q

——- are a form assumed by bacilli in order to survive adverse conditions , in this form, theyu are the most difficult microorganism to be destroyed by methods of sterilization

A

Spores

46
Q

——— is a constant relationship between two or more unlike species of organisms

A

symbiosis

47
Q

——- is when both microbes benefit from one another

A

mutualism

48
Q

Eukaryote cellular structure is ——– and prokaryote is ———– with no membrane to contain the organelles

A

complex; simple

49
Q

What refers to a cluster of bacteria?

A

Staphylococcus

50
Q

What needs oxygen, but at a lower level than which is found in room air?

A

microaerophiles

51
Q

What are two methods by which bacteria can achieve motility?

A

Cilia and flagella

52
Q

What is dependent on the nucleic acid within the host cell?

A

Viral replication

53
Q

What are gram-negative, pleomorphic coccobacilli transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticksor mites, or feces of infected lice or fleas?

A

Rickettsia

54
Q

What is nonliving particle that completely rely on the host cell for survival?

A

Viruses

55
Q

What is a inanimate objest that is not in itself harmful, but able to harbor pathogenic organisma, thus serving as an agent for transmition of infection?

A

Fomite

56
Q

What means without sepsis or no pathogens are present?

A

Aseptic

57
Q

What organisms are most commonly found to be responsible for postop SSI’s?

A

Staphylococcal, enteroccal, pseudomonal, and streptocaccal species

58
Q

What is required immunity gained by getting a vaccination?

A

Artificial active acquired immunity

59
Q

What is the most resistant form of microbial life?

A

endospore

60
Q

What has a thick wall making them difficult to destroy, enables them to withsand unfavorable conditions in the heat, and require a prolonged exposure time to high temperatures to heat?

A

Spores

61
Q

What are known as phagocytes that rush to a wound to engulf and destory the bacteria present?

A

Leukocytes

62
Q

What does phagocytosis mean?

A

Cell-eating

63
Q

What is by far the best known enteric bacterium and is found in the intestinal tract of animals and humans?

A

E. coli

64
Q

What appears red form the safranin stain? What appears purple?

A

Gram-negative: Gram- positive

65
Q

What are obligate intracellular parasites and are usally transmitted by arthroipod vectors?

A

Most rickettsia

66
Q

What is a rod-shaped bacteria?

A

Bacillus

67
Q

What is a round-shaped bacteria?

A

Coccus

68
Q

A chain of bacteria is called?

A

Strepococci

69
Q

What eukaryotes include protozoa?

A

Fungi; green, brown, and red algae: and all plant and animal cells

70
Q

All bacteria are ___.

A

Prokaryotes

71
Q

Fomites are inanimate objects that harbor microbes. What are some examples that are in the OR?

A

Back table and mayo stand

72
Q

What is used to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-nagative bacteria?

A

The Gram stain

73
Q

What are the smallest microbe ranging from 300nm to 30nm?

A

Viruses

74
Q

Some bacterial species are capable of spore formation in order to survive harsh enviroment conditions: what are more difficult to destroy?

A

Spores

75
Q

What bacteria are corkscrew shaped?

A

Spirilla and spirochetes

76
Q

What is a protien substance that is responsible for causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy?

A

Prion

77
Q

What is someone who carries a pathogen without manifesting symptoms called?

A

Carrier

78
Q

What means without oxygen?

A

Anerobic

79
Q

What diseased is a form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy casued by prions?

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

80
Q

What is a cause of a gas gengrene, is more likely in patients with poor circulation, such as those with diabetes?

A

Infection with Clostriduim perfringens

81
Q

What is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that causes gas, gangrene, cellulitis, and fasciitis?

A

Clostridium perfingens

82
Q

What is a part of the normal flora of the intestinal tract of humans, most strains are harmless?

A

E. coli

83
Q

What are agents that destroy or inactivate microorganisms?

A

Bacteriacital

84
Q

An agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria is known as

A

bacteriostatic agents

85
Q

In ——– ——— ———- maternal antibodies cross the placenta. infants are immune to the same infectious diseases as their mothers for 6-12 months after birth.

A

passive natural immunity

86
Q

——- ———– most frequently found in burns, presents very ddifficult problems because the organism is genrally resistant to many clinically useful antibiotics

A

P aeruginosa

87
Q

when the organisms of —- ——- are introduced into tissues where conditions permit anaerobic multiplication they utilize amino acids and carbohydrates freed from dead or dying cells

A

Gas Gangrene

88
Q

————– can multiply in the blood. Infection of bacterial origin carried through the bloodstream is refferred to as bacteremia or septicemia

A

Microorganisms

89
Q

———- —– is the state of collapse resulting from injection of a substance to qhich one has een sensitixed. It is a severe allergic reaction. Death may occur if emergency treatment is not given.

A

Anaphylactic shock

90
Q

Local irritation causes blood vessels to dialate and become

A

Permeable

91
Q

6 things that are in inflammation are

A

swelling, pain, heat, redness, vasodilation and disturbance of function

92
Q

the ——– ——- acts as a barrier to pathogens

A

unbroken skin

93
Q

—- ——— is associated with skin infections such as boils, carbuncles, furuncles and impetigo

A

S. Aureus

94
Q

——- or —— —– can form in this dead space and prevent healing by keeping the cut edges of the tissue separated. It is the space caused by separation of wound edges that have not been closely approximated.

A

serum or blood clots

95
Q

What is a common cause of boils, carbuncles, impetigo, toxic shock and postoperative wound infections?

A

S. Aureus

96
Q

absence of microbes and infection

A

asepsis

97
Q

——— ———— is among the behaviors and protocols specified in the standard precautions. These evolved from a previous policy called universal precautions established by the CDC for control and prevention.

A

Aseptic Technique

98
Q

—— are fine, thread like appendages that provide bacteria with motion

A

Flagella

99
Q

——– ——— habitually live in the epidermis, deep in the crevices and folds of the skin

A

Resident microbes

100
Q

The smallest structural and function unit of an organism is a ——.

A

Cell

101
Q

——– are made up of specialized cells that perform a specific function.

A

Tissues

102
Q

—— are made up of tissues and are grouped into system

A

organs

103
Q

what is the powerhouse of a cell

A

mitochondria

104
Q

—— ——- causes gas gangrene

A

clostridium perfringens

105
Q

—– ——— include location of the surgical site, the health of the patient, condition of the tissue and organs, resistance of body tissue, length of the preop stay, duration of the procedure and surgical technique

A

Risk Factors

106
Q

——– is the relationship between two organisms that occupy the same space. One organism benefits and the other does not but neither is harmed

A

commensalism

107
Q

a ——- is responsible for “Mad Cow”

A

Prion

108
Q

cold, chickenpox, meningitis are all caused by:

A

Virus

109
Q

agents most likely to be used in acts of bioterrorism are

A

Microorganisms that cause smallpox, plague, botulism and tularemia

Minor Surgical Procedures (3 decks)

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