Micro final Flashcards
1
Q
an aerobic, gram negative bacillus is known to cause gastric ulcers
A
Helicobacter pylori
2
Q
in 1867, ———- began the age of chemical control of the atmosphere. He used aqueous phenol to disinfect instruments, soak dressings, and spray the air of surgical room
A
Lister
3
Q
— ——– is commonly present on skin and mucous membranes, especially those of the nose and mouth. It is gram positive and is the cause of such suppurative conditions as boils carbuncles and internal abscesses
A
S.aureus
4
Q
—- ——- is the causitive organism of tetany or lockjaw, . Commonly found in soil contaminated with animal fecal waste . Protection is provided by receiving tatanus toxoid to stimulate antibodies against tetanus toxins. a booster may be given when a dangerous wound is received
A
C. Tetani
5
Q
——- ——— is caused by microorganism C perfringens
A
Gas gangrene
6
Q
—— ——- ——- are aknown as nosocomical, they can be acquired due to improper technique
A
hospital aquired infections
7
Q
——- are responsile for bacterial motility.
A
Flagella
8
Q
——— are the powerhouse of the cell
A
mitochondria
9
Q
Where is Ribonucleic acid (RNA) manufactered
A
in the Nucleolus, and controls cellular protein synthesis
10
Q
spiral shaped bacteria
A
Spirilli
11
Q
what is the pathogen most commonly associated with SSI’s
A
Staphylococcus Areus
12
Q
What is the bodies first line of defense
A
skin
13
Q
——- and ——- are caused by gram positive anaerobic bacteria
A
Tetenus and Botulism
14
Q
What is the microbe responsible for causing gangrene
A
C. Perfringens
15
Q
——– microbes can survive in an enviroment that contains oxygen or no oxygen
A
Facultative
16
Q
———— is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and usually infects the lungs
A
Tuberculosis
17
Q
the contamination of an individual or object upon contact with a contaminated item
A
cross contamination
18
Q
Clostridium perfringens cause:
A
Gas Gangrene
19
Q
a —— ——– is considered a continued presence of infection. An acute infection is a serious infection with an abrupt onset and progesses rapidly
A
Chronic infection
20
Q
an outbreak of a disease over a wide geographic area infection much of the population of that area
A
pandemic
21
Q
———- is the relationship of two organisms and one benefits at the expense of the other
A
parasitism
22
Q
——— is the relationship etween two organisms and both benefit
A
Mutualism
23
Q
———- is the relationship between two organisms that occupy the same space, one benefits, the other doesnt, but neither is harmed
A
commensalism
24
Q
——- are part of the group of eukaryotic organisms, they are unicellular, and include yeasts and molds
A
Fungi
25
------- ------- are mibcrobes that reside on the skin and are easily removed
transient flora
26
----- --------- ----- include amniotic fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, semen, spinal fluid, synovial fluid, and vaginal secretions. Saliva has not been implicated in HIV transmission
Hazardous body fluid
27
the ------ ------ is very useful because it classifies bacteria into two large groups: Gram positive and Gram Negative
Gram Stain
28
------ allows the passage of a solvent, usually water to pass through the membrane from the region of lower concentration of a soluteto the region of hhigher conventration of the two solutions
osmosis
29
----- ------ ------- is the only one of these microorganisms that can be transmitted through a needlestick
Hepatitus B VIrus
30
------ -------- occurs when an organism or population of organisms is no longer capable of reproduction
Microbial Death
31
what disease is caused by prions
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
32
The majority of microbes are ---------. This means they grow and flourish in the presence of oxygen
aerobes
33
------ --------, commonly called "cold sores" or fever blisters, is an example of a viral agent capable of latent periods where the virus is not multiplied.
Herpes simplex
34
an ischemic necrotic wound caused by C. Perfringens causes
gas gangrene
35
--------- are more complex and include protozoa, fungi, green red and brown algae, and all plant and animal cells including human cells
Eukaryotes
36
------- are gram negative bacteria. they produce the host cellof arthropods and mammals.
Rickettsia
37
---. -------- is a gram positive bacterium and is frequently found in the respiratory tract and on the skin
S. Aureus
38
-------- are flatworms that live in the intestines of animals.
tapeworms
39
-------- are part of the group of eukaryotic organisms, they are unicellular and include yeasts and molds
Fungi
40
------ is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number of chromosomes.
Mitosis
41
------ ------- is when the cell divides into two equal daughter cells
Binary Fission
42
---------- is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosons of the parents cell.
Meiosis
43
-------- is when a liquid passes form a lower concentration through a membrane into an area with a higher concentration to balance them.
osmosis
44
---------- ------ is a gram negative rob that is part of the normal flora of the intestinal tract of humans and is also an opportunistic bacteria
Esherichia coli
45
------- are a form assumed by bacilli in order to survive adverse conditions , in this form, theyu are the most difficult microorganism to be destroyed by methods of sterilization
Spores
46
--------- is a constant relationship between two or more unlike species of organisms
symbiosis
47
------- is when both microbes benefit from one another
mutualism
48
Eukaryote cellular structure is -------- and prokaryote is ----------- with no membrane to contain the organelles
complex; simple
49
What refers to a cluster of bacteria?
Staphylococcus
50
What needs oxygen, but at a lower level than which is found in room air?
microaerophiles
51
What are two methods by which bacteria can achieve motility?
Cilia and flagella
52
What is dependent on the nucleic acid within the host cell?
Viral replication
53
What are gram-negative, pleomorphic coccobacilli transmitted to humans by bites of infected ticksor mites, or feces of infected lice or fleas?
Rickettsia
54
What is nonliving particle that completely rely on the host cell for survival?
Viruses
55
What is a inanimate objest that is not in itself harmful, but able to harbor pathogenic organisma, thus serving as an agent for transmition of infection?
Fomite
56
What means without sepsis or no pathogens are present?
Aseptic
57
What organisms are most commonly found to be responsible for postop SSI's?
Staphylococcal, enteroccal, pseudomonal, and streptocaccal species
58
What is required immunity gained by getting a vaccination?
Artificial active acquired immunity
59
What is the most resistant form of microbial life?
endospore
60
What has a thick wall making them difficult to destroy, enables them to withsand unfavorable conditions in the heat, and require a prolonged exposure time to high temperatures to heat?
Spores
61
What are known as phagocytes that rush to a wound to engulf and destory the bacteria present?
Leukocytes
62
What does phagocytosis mean?
Cell-eating
63
What is by far the best known enteric bacterium and is found in the intestinal tract of animals and humans?
E. coli
64
What appears red form the safranin stain? What appears purple?
Gram-negative: Gram- positive
65
What are obligate intracellular parasites and are usally transmitted by arthroipod vectors?
Most rickettsia
66
What is a rod-shaped bacteria?
Bacillus
67
What is a round-shaped bacteria?
Coccus
68
A chain of bacteria is called?
Strepococci
69
What eukaryotes include protozoa?
Fungi; green, brown, and red algae: and all plant and animal cells
70
All bacteria are ___.
Prokaryotes
71
Fomites are inanimate objects that harbor microbes. What are some examples that are in the OR?
Back table and mayo stand
72
What is used to differentiate between Gram-positive and Gram-nagative bacteria?
The Gram stain
73
What are the smallest microbe ranging from 300nm to 30nm?
Viruses
74
Some bacterial species are capable of spore formation in order to survive harsh enviroment conditions: what are more difficult to destroy?
Spores
75
What bacteria are corkscrew shaped?
Spirilla and spirochetes
76
What is a protien substance that is responsible for causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy?
Prion
77
What is someone who carries a pathogen without manifesting symptoms called?
Carrier
78
What means without oxygen?
Anerobic
79
What diseased is a form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy casued by prions?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
80
What is a cause of a gas gengrene, is more likely in patients with poor circulation, such as those with diabetes?
Infection with Clostriduim perfringens
81
What is an anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that causes gas, gangrene, cellulitis, and fasciitis?
Clostridium perfingens
82
What is a part of the normal flora of the intestinal tract of humans, most strains are harmless?
E. coli
83
What are agents that destroy or inactivate microorganisms?
Bacteriacital
84
An agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria is known as
bacteriostatic agents
85
In -------- --------- ---------- maternal antibodies cross the placenta. infants are immune to the same infectious diseases as their mothers for 6-12 months after birth.
passive natural immunity
86
------- ----------- most frequently found in burns, presents very ddifficult problems because the organism is genrally resistant to many clinically useful antibiotics
P aeruginosa
87
when the organisms of ---- ------- are introduced into tissues where conditions permit anaerobic multiplication they utilize amino acids and carbohydrates freed from dead or dying cells
Gas Gangrene
88
-------------- can multiply in the blood. Infection of bacterial origin carried through the bloodstream is refferred to as bacteremia or septicemia
Microorganisms
89
---------- ----- is the state of collapse resulting from injection of a substance to qhich one has een sensitixed. It is a severe allergic reaction. Death may occur if emergency treatment is not given.
Anaphylactic shock
90
Local irritation causes blood vessels to dialate and become
Permeable
91
6 things that are in inflammation are
swelling, pain, heat, redness, vasodilation and disturbance of function
92
the -------- ------- acts as a barrier to pathogens
unbroken skin
93
---- --------- is associated with skin infections such as boils, carbuncles, furuncles and impetigo
S. Aureus
94
------- or ------ ----- can form in this dead space and prevent healing by keeping the cut edges of the tissue separated. It is the space caused by separation of wound edges that have not been closely approximated.
serum or blood clots
95
What is a common cause of boils, carbuncles, impetigo, toxic shock and postoperative wound infections?
S. Aureus
96
absence of microbes and infection
asepsis
97
--------- ------------ is among the behaviors and protocols specified in the standard precautions. These evolved from a previous policy called universal precautions established by the CDC for control and prevention.
Aseptic Technique
98
------ are fine, thread like appendages that provide bacteria with motion
Flagella
99
-------- --------- habitually live in the epidermis, deep in the crevices and folds of the skin
Resident microbes
100
The smallest structural and function unit of an organism is a ------.
Cell
101
-------- are made up of specialized cells that perform a specific function.
Tissues
102
------ are made up of tissues and are grouped into system
organs
103
what is the powerhouse of a cell
mitochondria
104
------ ------- causes gas gangrene
clostridium perfringens
105
----- --------- include location of the surgical site, the health of the patient, condition of the tissue and organs, resistance of body tissue, length of the preop stay, duration of the procedure and surgical technique
Risk Factors
106
-------- is the relationship between two organisms that occupy the same space. One organism benefits and the other does not but neither is harmed
commensalism
107
a ------- is responsible for "Mad Cow"
Prion
108
cold, chickenpox, meningitis are all caused by:
Virus
109
agents most likely to be used in acts of bioterrorism are
Microorganisms that cause smallpox, plague, botulism and tularemia
