Micro Exam 2 Cards

Question 1

Endocrine Organs (9)

Answer 1

Hypothal; pituitary; pineal; adrenal ctx; adrenal medulla; chemoreceptor organs; thyroid; parathyroid; Islets of Langerhans

Question 2

hypothalamus makes (endocrine)

Answer 2

ADH (vasopressin); Oxytocin

Question 3

pituitary pts (rostral to cd)

Answer 3

Pars distalis, intermedia, & nervosa

Question 4

pars distalis releases…

Answer 4

ACTH, GH, TSH, LTH, FSH, LH

Question 5

pars intermedia releases…

Answer 5

MSH

Question 6

pars nervosa releases…

Answer 6

ADH, oxytocin

Question 7

histo PD, PI, PN (zoomed out)

Answer 7

red/blue, dark blue, light blue

Question 8

histo: chromophobes

Answer 8

sm, round cells w/little cyto; no cyto granules. look like lymphocytes

Question 9

chromophilic cells, 2 divisions

Answer 9

acidophils, basophils

Question 10

acidophils make…

Answer 10

GH, PRL

Question 11

basophils make… (endo)

Answer 11

TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, MSH

Question 12

histo: acidophils

Answer 12

lger than chromophobic cells; granular eosinophilic cyto (PAS neg granules)

Question 13

histo: basophils

Answer 13

lger than acidophils; PAS + granules; less eosinophilic cytoplasm

Question 14

histo: pars intermedia

Answer 14

cords of cords assoc w/vascular sinuses; basophilic cells; sometimes forms follicles; cells sm, dk blu, more cyto than chromophobes

Question 15

histo: pars nervosa

Answer 15

unmyelinated axons; ‘pituicytes’

Question 16

fxns of pineal gland

Answer 16

photoreceptor organ in lower vertebrates (light info from other pts of brain); biol clock (sleep, dream)

Question 17

pineal gland makes…

Answer 17

serotonin, melatonin

Question 18

cells of pineal gland

Answer 18

pinealocytes and astrocytes

Question 19

histo: pinealocytes

Answer 19

lg cells w/lg, round nuc.; eosin cyto

Question 20

astrocytes

Answer 20

interstitial cells b/w blood vessels and pinealocytes

Question 21

ctx:medulla:ctx adrenal ratio

Answer 21

1:1:1

Question 22

sections of adrenal (out to in)

Answer 22

capsule; zona glomerulosa, fasiculata, reticularis; medulla

Question 23

zonas G,F,R produce:

Answer 23

mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones

Question 24

histo: zona glomerulosa

Answer 24

clusters, arches of cells (cuboidal to columnar); eosinophilic cyto, small nuclei

Question 25

histo: zona fasciculata

Answer 25

cords 1-2 cells wide; vascular sinuses; in obvious rows; sometimes foamy cyto (b/c of lipid accumulation) - spongiocytes (looks like sebaceous glands)

Question 26

histo: zona reticularis

Answer 26

anastomosing cords

Question 27

cells of adrenal medulla

Answer 27

ganglion and glandular cells

Question 28

glandular cells; adrenal medulla

Answer 28

cuboidal to columnar; arranged around vessels; baso cyto (more than retic) w/fine granules

Question 29

adrenal medulla makes…

Answer 29

catecholamines (epi, NE)

Question 30

chemoreceptor organs (inc fxn)

Answer 30

aortic and carotid bodies; sense blood O2, pH, CO2; stimulate respiration

Question 31

thyroid too deep to palpate in…

Answer 31

birds and humans

Question 32

thyroid cows and humans, in common

Answer 32

isthmus b/w lobes

Question 33

organ w/unique cell organization

Answer 33

thyroid (in follicles)

Question 34

histo: thyroid follicles

Answer 34

variable size; lined by cuboidal to columnar epithel, basal nuc, eosin cyto, u-villi. parafollicular (c) cells. Eosinophilic colloid in middle.

Question 35

active vs inactive follicles

Answer 35

active: smaller follicles, taller epithel

Question 36

c cells, thyroid

Answer 36

clear; b/w follicles; make calcitonin; clear cyto