Micro Exam 2 Cards Flashcards
Endocrine Organs (9)
Hypothal; pituitary; pineal; adrenal ctx; adrenal medulla; chemoreceptor organs; thyroid; parathyroid; Islets of Langerhans
hypothalamus makes (endocrine)
ADH (vasopressin); Oxytocin
pituitary pts (rostral to cd)
Pars distalis, intermedia, & nervosa
pars distalis releases…
ACTH, GH, TSH, LTH, FSH, LH
pars intermedia releases…
MSH
pars nervosa releases…
ADH, oxytocin
histo PD, PI, PN (zoomed out)
red/blue, dark blue, light blue
histo: chromophobes
sm, round cells w/little cyto; no cyto granules. look like lymphocytes
chromophilic cells, 2 divisions
acidophils, basophils
acidophils make…
GH, PRL
basophils make… (endo)
TSH, FSH, LH, ACTH, MSH
histo: acidophils
lger than chromophobic cells; granular eosinophilic cyto (PAS neg granules)
histo: basophils
lger than acidophils; PAS + granules; less eosinophilic cytoplasm
histo: pars intermedia
cords of cords assoc w/vascular sinuses; basophilic cells; sometimes forms follicles; cells sm, dk blu, more cyto than chromophobes
histo: pars nervosa
unmyelinated axons; ‘pituicytes’
fxns of pineal gland
photoreceptor organ in lower vertebrates (light info from other pts of brain); biol clock (sleep, dream)
pineal gland makes…
serotonin, melatonin
cells of pineal gland
pinealocytes and astrocytes
histo: pinealocytes
lg cells w/lg, round nuc.; eosin cyto
astrocytes
interstitial cells b/w blood vessels and pinealocytes
ctx:medulla:ctx adrenal ratio
1:1:1
sections of adrenal (out to in)
capsule; zona glomerulosa, fasiculata, reticularis; medulla
zonas G,F,R produce:
mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones
histo: zona glomerulosa
clusters, arches of cells (cuboidal to columnar); eosinophilic cyto, small nuclei
histo: zona fasciculata
cords 1-2 cells wide; vascular sinuses; in obvious rows; sometimes foamy cyto (b/c of lipid accumulation) - spongiocytes (looks like sebaceous glands)
histo: zona reticularis
anastomosing cords
cells of adrenal medulla
ganglion and glandular cells
glandular cells; adrenal medulla
cuboidal to columnar; arranged around vessels; baso cyto (more than retic) w/fine granules
adrenal medulla makes…
catecholamines (epi, NE)
chemoreceptor organs (inc fxn)
aortic and carotid bodies; sense blood O2, pH, CO2; stimulate respiration
thyroid too deep to palpate in…
birds and humans
thyroid cows and humans, in common
isthmus b/w lobes
organ w/unique cell organization
thyroid (in follicles)
histo: thyroid follicles
variable size; lined by cuboidal to columnar epithel, basal nuc, eosin cyto, u-villi. parafollicular (c) cells. Eosinophilic colloid in middle.
active vs inactive follicles
active: smaller follicles, taller epithel
c cells, thyroid
clear; b/w follicles; make calcitonin; clear cyto
