Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal Amnio > Micro - Cytoskeleton 8/14 > Flashcards

Micro - Cytoskeleton 8/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Microtubules

A

tubulin heterodimers - alpha/beta tubulin
Hollow cylinders
gamma tubulin - helps nucleate (found in centrosome/MTOC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MT properties

A

highly dynamic
polarized - + end is more dynamic
- end is in the MTOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MT functions

A 
Mitotic spindle
railways
Cell shape
Cilia, flagella
centiroles, basal bodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MT instability and growth

A

Dynamic instability
Alpha/Beta GTP - assemble
GTP hydrolysis happens after time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MT catastrophe

A

cycle of growth ends and disassembly begins

GDP dimers dissociates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MT Rescue

A

When shrinkage stops and growth starts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Taxol

A

stabilizes MTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Colchicines

A

prevent tubulin polymerization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vinblastine

A

depolymerize MTs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Kinesin

A

+ end on MT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dynein

A
  • end on MT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MT motor protein structure

A

Head binds to MT - determines direction
Tail/base - binds cargo
Use ATP to move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MAPs for MTs

A

Tau
organize MTs into bundles or irregular meshworks
regulative stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MT nucleation and polymerization

A

Nucleation only happens at centrosome and takes a long time
Polymerization is rapid
y-tubulin required for nucleation but is not incorporated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MT in cell division

A 
Centrioles replicate
Types
Astral - radiate to cortex
Kinetochore - bind to chromosome
Polar - mix with opposing MTs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cilia/flagella

A

Both generate movement
Grow from a basal body (9 triplets MT)
Axoneme - core with 9+2 MTs
Ciliary dynein generates sliding force and beating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Immotile Cilia Syndrome

A

results in obstructive lung disease, sterile males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Kartagener’s Syndrome

A

combo of immotile cilia + situs inversus

Cilia normally establish the axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

POlycystic kidney disease PKD

A

kidney failure due to numerous cysts from epithelium of kidney tubules
Loss of functional cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bardet-Beidl syndrome

A

Blindness due to loss of photoreceptors of retina

Cilia/basal bodies

21
Q

Spastic paraplegia

A

MT severing protein leads to spinal cord degenerative diseases

22
Q

Cancer therapies

A

Taxol - overstabilize MTs

23
Q

Actin composition

A

Nonhollow polymers of G actin

Helical

24
Q

Actin properties

A

Very highly dynamic
Can have different shapes/forms
Substrate for myosin motor proteins
Do not form organizing centers

25
Q

Actin nucleation

A

can happen anywhere
Arp2/3 complex - branched filaments
Formins - produce bundles of parallel unbranched filaments

26
Q

Actin polarization

A

Barbed + end - highly dynamic
Pointed - end - more stable
Myosins move towards the barbed end

27
Q

Actin functions

A

attach cytoskeleton to plasma membrane
contractile ring for cleavage furrow
cell motility
short-range organelle transport

28
Q

Actin filaments

A

Helical
Alpha, beta, gamma
Alpha - muscle only
Beta, gamma - all cells

29
Q

Actin polymerization

A 
ATP dependent (GTP for MTs)
After addition the ATP is gradually hydrolyzed
G actin monomers --> F actin polymer
Nucleation is slow, elongation fast
Arp2/3, formins
30
Q

Acting Binding Proteins

A

sequester actin molecules, capping, cross linking actin, severing, annealing

31
Q

Actin stress fiber

A

bundle of many actin filaments in parallel (formin)
Myosin - contraction
Alpha-actinin - stabilizes bundles

32
Q

Leading edge

A

Arp2/3 makes filaments that start to push out and extend the filopodia

33
Q

Actin Myosins

A

Use energy from ATP hydrolysis to move
Move toward barbed + end
Undergo conformational change that results in force generation

34
Q

Microvilli

A

Actin based structure - increase surface area or detect sound
Bundle of actin as core
Myosin link the actin to the plasma membrane

35
Q

Fimbrin/villin

A

proteins that cross link the actin filaments in the microvilli
Myosin I attach the central bundle to membrane for movement

36
Q

Terminal web

A

Bottom of microvilli

Actin and intermediate filaments

37
Q

Stereocilia

A

long microvilli - actin based

38
Q

Hereditary spherocytdosis

A

deforms red cells to fragile spherocytes due to mutations in spectrin

39
Q

RBC cytoskeleton

A

shape is determined by cytoskeleton

Network of spectrin molecules joined by protein complexis

40
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

non-polarized
non-dynamic
diverse
Most structural role

41
Q

IF Functions

A

space filling
tensile strength
can have specialized functions
desomosomes and hemidesmosomes

42
Q

IF structure

A

two monomers form a coiled-coil dimer
2 dimers in antiparallel = tetramers
tetramers –> staggered pattern
NO ATP/GTP needed

43
Q

Type I: Acid Keratins

A

IF

epithelial cells, nails, hair, diverse

44
Q

Type II: Neutral/basic keratins

A

IF

epithelial cells, nails, hair, diverse

45
Q

Type III IF

A

Vimentin - fibroblasts
Desmin - muscle cells
GFAP - glial cells

46
Q

Type IV IF

A

Neurons

47
Q

Type V Nuclear Lamins A/B/C

A

nuclear lamina of all nucleated cells

48
Q

Progeria

A

IF disease

Fast aging disease of lamina proteins (lamin A)

Abnormal Amnio (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions