Micro COPY Flashcards
1
Q
Virus that resides in pharynx and GIT
A
Polio Virus 1:100 encephalitis, 1:1000 destruction of motor neurons
2
Q
Neutralizing antibodies are formed against this
A
gp120. Think GP (as being neutral)
3
Q
Non-neutralizing antibodies are formed against this.
A
Answer – p24!!!Think HIV Test
4
Q
Conformational change of HIV
A
gp41 can only penatrate the cells where there was conformational change of CD4+
5
Q
enzyme that copies with errors
A
reverse transcriptase
6
Q
The natural chemokine able to inhibit HIV fusion to CD4 cells
A
MIP-1 alpha
7
Q
Syphilis Mx
A
Benzyl penicillin
8
Q
Gonorrhoea Mx
A
cephalosporins: Ceftraixone or Cefexime
9
Q
Trichomonas Mx
A
Metronidazole
10
Q
Painless indurated ulcer, grown on dark brown medium, spiral shaped organism found.
A
Treponema Palladium
11
Q
Condylomata Acumina strains
A
6 and 11 are causative
12
Q
Lady with discharge, no other symptoms, and causative infection found on wet slide microscopy.
A
Trichomonas
13
Q
. Guy with urethral discharge. Partner has itchy vaginaand THIN white discharge. >5 Polymorphs on microscopy
A
Gonorrhea
14
Q
Gonorrhoea Mx
A
ceftriaxone 500 mg IM + azithromycin 1 g oral as a single dose. The azithromycin is thought to act synergistically with ceftriaxone and is also useful for eradicating any co-existent Chlamydia infections. This combination can be used in pregnant women as well
15
Q
Molluscum contagiosum. What is the causative organism?
A
Pox Virus
16
Q
Haemorrhagic cystitis post-transplant:
A
BK virus
17
Q
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease:
A
EBV
18
Q
Nigeria, rats, haemorrhagic, arenaviridae
A
Lassa fever
19
Q
Arbovirus, America, mosquitoes, polio-like
A
West Nile
20
Q
Smoking, COPD, gram negative coccobacilli
A
H.influenza
21
Q
CAP: moderate to severe
A
clari + one of co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
22
Q
CAP atypical
A
Atypical - macrolide or tetracycline
23
Q
Man goes to wedding in Devon, comes back with pneumonia + confusion (hyponatraemia)
A
Legionella
24
Q
Transplant patient on immunosuppressives (post-transplkant) has pneumonia - halo sign (multiple) on Xray or cavitatiting lesion
A
Aspergillums
25
cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (cold agglutinin test!!!!!)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
26
Abdo pain and fever + CONSTIPATION but no diarrhoea
Sallmonella
27
Sallmonella Mx
Ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin
28
Food poisoning +/- bloody diarrhoea, affects distal colon
Shigella
29
the commonest cause of bloody diarrhoea, headache, abdominal pain, drinking unpasteurized milk associated severe cramps per umbilical abdominal pain and fever; drinking unpasteurised milk (hedache_fever +bloody + foul smelling diarrhoea)
campylobacter
30
Giardia
ELIZA
31
○ Peyer’s patches, gram negative non lactose fermenter, necrotising granulomas
○ Complications: Reactive arthritis, erythema nodosum, enterocolitis
● Gram negative, coccobacilli
● Typically produces a protracted terminal ileitis that may mimic Crohns disease
Yeresnia
32
A 26 year old presents with abdominal pain, watery diarrohoea, three days after eating undercooked meat
Cryptospioris
33
Cryptospioris diagnosis
Diagnosis stool: modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain stool ova and parasites: positive
34
Listeria diagnostic test
stool culture: rarely positive, blood and CSF culture: positive
35
Pseudomonas ABx
Ceftazidime
36
(below the diaphragm) - Gram negatives
Ciprofloxacin
37
MRSA, 3rd episode of
Vancomycin + taicoplanin,
38
meningitis prophylaxis in contacts:
oral ciprofloxacin
39
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Patient on ITU develops sepsis – gram (+) cocci in chains MacConkey plate
Enterococcus gram (+) cocci in chains aesculin positive (Vancomycin/Teicoplanin Resistant?)
```
Linezolid
40
super resistant, grow on McKoney agar plate.
Enteroccus – gram (+) cocci –
41
Strep sore throat treatment in kid
Phenoxymethylpenicillin
42
Broad spec, no pseudomonal activity usually given with a beta lactamase inhibitor
Augmentin=Co-amoxiclav
43
A glycopeptide used to treat MRSA C diff or not tolerating/responding to metronidazole
Vancomycin + teicoplanin
44
A DNA synthesis inhibitor used to treat Pseudomonas infections but bad against anaerobes
Gentamycin
45
HAP Within 5 days of admission:
co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
46
Hospital-acquired pneumonia more than 5 days
piperacillin with tazobactam
OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime)
OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
47
Abx of the Macrolide/lincosamide/streptogrammin group used to treat some atypical pneumonias
clarithomycin
48
Burn victims gramm (-) green pigment oxidase positive:
Pseudomonas
49
Trauma, open wound, gas gangrene
Clostridium perfringens
50
Mum with skin infection, son has sore throat
Strep pyogenes
51
Child with red rash oedematous, first on face and crosses nasal bridge and spreads quickly
erysipelas
52
34 year old farmer cuts his leg whilst working. 3 days later he presents to A&E with a grossly oedematous leg that is discoloured with multiple necrotic bullae:
necrotising facilities, streptococus pyogenes
53
Fever + contact with cattle
brucella abortus
54
shell-fish, contaminated water, incubation 2-6 weeks, IgM and high ALT
Hep A
55
mostly caused by Leishmania donovani, occurs in the Mediterranean, Asia, South America, Africa, fever, sweats, rigors, massive splenomegaly. Hepatomegaly, poor appetite*, weight loss, grey skin - 'kala-azar' means black sicknes
Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar):
56
A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of lethargy and fatigue. On examination his sclera are visibly jaundiced
Plasmodium falciparum
57
10) A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of malaise and arthralgia. On examination he is febrile at 38. - if contact with cattle
Dengue fever or Brucelliosis (gram negative rod)
58
fever, headache, malaise. rose spots
Typhoid
59
Typhoid investigation
Culture from blood
60
prurituic purpuric swimmers rash
Schistomiasis
61
Tinea capitis (ring-worm of the scalp)
Microsporum canis
62
Pulmonary infection, immunocompromised, found in soil assoc/ with bat or bird droppings
Histoplasmosis
63
○ Opportunistic, really bad, rapidly spreads, brain, lungs, black discharge from nose
○ Needs amphotericin B (cryptococcal meningitis
Mucur Inducus
64
● Child, gram negative cocci
Men
65
gram (+) cocci in chains
Gr B Streptococcus
66
Gram positive bacillus
Listeria
67
Gram-negative, coccobacilly
Haemophilus influenza:
68
Can transmit via placenta especially in late pregnancy
syphillis
69
Haemorrhagic cystitis in children , virus
adenovirus
70
● Protozoan infection which can be passed on to baby to the unborn child including microcephaly, hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification and choroidoretinitis.
toxoplasmic
71
french people, elevated liver enzymes,
toxoplasma
72
CSF may reveal a pleocytosis, with 'tumbling motility' on wet mounts, unpasteurised milk, pregnant and HIV
(gram +) rod
Listeria
73
Disease that requires rapid vaccination at birth/immunoglobulins if mother is highly infectious.
Hep B
74
Disease that require C-section if mother has an outbreak at 34wks or later due to risk of transmission vaginally
HSV:
75
Disease which if transmitted to baby: they can initially be symptomless but then come down with problems - long term sequelae
Beta herpes virus = CMV
76
Skin lesions, lymphadenopathy, failure to thrive -
syphillis
77
2nd most common in young women UTI
Staph saprophyticus
78
Associated with renal calculus
Proteus
79
UTI in cather men
e.coli
80
associated with anatomical abnormalities of the urinary track
Klebsiella
81
Woman with UTI - Culture grows gram positive cocci in clusters
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
82
Rat bite with lymphadenopathy (could also be streptobacillus moniliformis)
Spirillum minus
83
Hyatid disease - ecinococcus granulosus
Cysts in brain and liver, sheep related, rugby player bursts cyst -L> anaphylaxis type reaction
84
refers to a type of cerebral oedema in which the blood brain barrier (BBB) is disrupted (cf. cytotoxic cerebral oedema, where BBB is intact). It is an extracellular oedema which mainly affects the white matter via leakage of fluid from capillaries.
Vasogenic cerebral oedema
It is most frequently seen around brain tumours (both primary and secondary) and cerebral abscesses, although some vasogenic oedema may be seen around maturing cerebral contusion and cerebral haemorrhage.
85
Hepato-renal faulure, phtofobia,microagglutination test
Leptospiriosis
86
donvovanosis
klebsiella granulomatis
87
should be used in caution in patients with megaloblastic anemia
trimetophrim
88
binds to 30s ribosomal subunit, COPD exacerbation
doxycycline
89
acts on 50s subunit, side effect is aplstic anemia
chloroamphenicol
90
effective reverse transctiptase both for Hep B and HUV
lamivudine
91
inhibition of reverse transcription enzyme
efavfarinez
92
inhibits viral assembly
ritonavir -protease inhibitor
93
hypopigemntation of the skin pityriasis versicolor
malasessia furfur
94
type I hypersensitivity leading to bronchospasm and oesinophilia
aspergiliosis
95
fungus of the scalp in children
tinea capitis
96
tinea corporis affecting trunk arms and legs
raised red rings
97
contact with animals (farm) plus athralygia (back pain) plus muscle pain
brucelliosis
98
hedache + fever + mylagia, rash theat spreads from teh LIMBS TO THE TRUNK
ricketssia or rocky moutain spotted fever
99
cat scratch disease
bartonella
100
crusted lesion at site of bite
| may be underlying ulcer, sandfly
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
101
caused by Leishmania braziliensis
| skin lesions may spread to involve mucosae of nose, pharynx etc, sandfly, ulcer does not heal
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
102
fever, sweats, rigors
massive splenomegaly. hepatomegaly
poor appetite*, weight loss
grey skin - 'kala-azar' means black sickness
visceral leishmaniasis
103
the most common cause of artheritis in young adult is
gonnorhoea nor staph aureus!!!!!! Remember broad spectrum antibiotic !!!!!
104
associated with colonic malignacy
s.bovis
105
actually colonises the cathethers
Klebsiella (gram - rod)
106
UTI in immunocompromised
Entrtoccocous
107
nausea, vomitting, constipation, abdo pain and then diarroohoea
Salmonella enteritidies not salmonella typhi!!!!
108
flask shaped ulucer - silver flask
amoeba!!!
109
Salmonella Typhi
```
ABCCDE
athralagia
bradycardia
cough
constipation
diarrhoea
erthmatues rose spots
```
110
the name of the rash in rheumatic fever
erythema marginatum
111
Met is used for
GET you difficult bugs!
| Giardiasis Entomeba Trichomonas C difficile
112
glycopeptide antibiotic, inhibits cell wall synthesis, active against gram (+) not gram negatives
vancomycin Remember it as a van with big RED CROSS
113
side efefct of vancomycin
Driver in Van being very angry,brght red face - red man syndrome
114
Sudden decline in cognitive function at 65 , rapid dementia followed up by the jerking movements
sporoadic CJD
demented LAMB: dementia, akinetic mutism, myoclonus, cortical blindness,
electrogradiogram
115
Tonilar biopsy is needed for
variant CJD
116
young onset of the condition dem
Psychiatry symptoms first with young age of onset.
117
development of portal hypertension in patient with chronic liver disease
spontaneuos bacterial peritonitis
118
chagas dizease
kissing bug, tryptosonama cruzi , tse-tse
119
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy:
JC virus
120
Smoking, gram negative coccus
M catarrhalis
121
Pt from south america with weight loss, haemoptysis and weight loss, upper lobe pneumonia
aspergilliosis
122
IVDU patient with Ground glass on xray
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
123
Typically accompanied by fever and vomiting for the first 2 days. The diarrhoea may last up to a week
rotavirus
124
○ consumption of shellfish, prepared foods, salads, sandwiches, fruit
○ symptoms: nausea, abdominal cramps, followed by diarrhoea and vomiting;
Norovirus
125
○ MSSA
| ○ Gram positive + penicillin allergy
Erythromycin
126
flask shaped cysts in liver
Entomeba
127
A 27 year old male recently returned from visiting India complains of malaise and arthralgia. On examination he is febrile at 38.6.
Dengue fever or Brucelliosis
128
Disease that causes Hydrops fetalis if caught in first 20wks:
Parvovirus B19
129
A 34-year-old female at 24 weeks gestation complains of reduced foetal movements. An ultrasound scan reveals that the foetus is hydropic. Her 4-year-old child recently had a febrile illness and an associated erythematous rash on the face with circumoral pallor. What is the most likely infectious agent?
Chicken pox
130
Disease which if transmitted to baby: they can initially be symptomless but then come down with problems - long term sequelae.
beta herpes virus=CMV
131
gram (+) cocci in clusers in cathers
staphyloccous saphroticus
