Micro congenital and neonatal infections Flashcards
what are the congenital infections?
rubella, CMV, HIV, toxoplasma, treponema, parvovirus B19, HSV, VZV
what are the manifestations of congenital infections?
growth retardation (low birth weight), congenital malformations, stillbirths
what are the perinatal infections?
neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia, HSV, strep B, e coli, listeria
what are the manifestations of perinatal infections?
maningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, preterm labor
what are the postnatal infections?
from breast milk: HIV, CMV, HBV
umbilicus: staph aureus, tetanus
person to person: group B strep, listeria, e coli
what are the postnatal infections manifestations?
minigitis, septicemia, conjunctivitis, pneumonitis
what are the signs of congenital infection?
growth retardation, congential defects, abnormal head size, rash, intracranial calcifications, eye abnormalities, hearing loss, inflammation of CSF, hepatosplenomegaly, hematologic abnormalities, bone lesions
how is definitive diagnosis of congenital infection made?
isolate pathogen from infant!!
what are the congenital infections
TORCH Toxoplasmosis Other (syphilis, hep B, VZV, parvovirus B19, HIV, HTLV-1 Rubella CMV HSV
toxoplasma gondii classic triad
chorioretinitis (can result in vision loss), hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications
diagnosis of toxoplasmosis
IgM+ in infant is diagnostic
toxoplasma treatment
pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + folinic acid for one year
congenital syphilis manifestations
by 3 months:
large puffy placenta, hepatomegaly, rhinitis (snuffles!), rash, lymphadenopathy
test for t. pallidum
VDRL (venereal disease research lab), darkfield microscopic exam
t. pallidum treatment
penicillin G
rubella symptoms
hearing loss!
microcephaly, PDA (patent ductus arteriosis), cataracts
risk factors for congenital CMV
no prior infection, pregnancy at younger age, first pregnancy, new sex partner during pregnancy, frequent contact with babies/toddlers
-especially PRIMARY infection
CMV symptoms
most asymptomatic - 10% with symptoms
small size, hepatosplenomegaly, rash, jaundice, chorioretinitis, neuro involvement (microcephaly, seizures, abnormal neuro, feeding difficulties)
congenital CMV diagnosis and treatment
diagnose: PCR on urine or blood
treat: ganciclovir IV or valganciclovie PO
congenital herpes simplex infections - what is worst situation for baby
HSV-2; primary infection ; visible lesions; intrauterine; disseminated infection (causes severe mental impairment)
treatment of HSV
C-section birth, antiviral prophylaxis, acyclovir for infant
congenital varicella syndrome
primary infection in mother damages fetus - limbs and brain development are impaired
congenital varicella treatment and prevention
acyclovir - prevent with vaccination of all seronegative women who reach childbearing age
parvovirus B19 presentation
febrile illness without rash precedes followed by “slapped cheek” rash on face and erythematous maculopapular rash, arthralgia, arthritis
