MICRO Chp 8

Question 1

What is the study of inheritance called?

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

What is the genetic information that an organism contains known as?

Answer 2

Genome

Question 3

What is the study of an organism’s genome called?

Answer 3

Genomics

Question 4

What are the structures containing DNA that carry genetic information?

Answer 4

Chromosomes and plasmids

Question 5

What are segments of DNA that code for specific organic molecules?

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

What is the collection of all proteins produced by an organism called?

Answer 6

Proteome

Question 7

What is the study of an organism’s proteome called?

Answer 7

Proteomics

Question 8

What is the outward appearance of a physical trait called?

Answer 8

Phenotype

Question 9

What is the genetic basis for a phenotype?

Answer 9

Genotype

Question 10

What is a set of matching nucleotides in double-stranded DNA called?

Answer 10

Base pair

Question 11

What is the process of duplicating a cell’s DNA in preparation for cell division?

Answer 11

DNA replication

Question 12

What model of DNA replication describes the process where each new DNA molecule has one old and one new strand?

Answer 12

Semi-conservative model

Question 13

In what direction does DNA replication occur?

Answer 13

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 14

What enzyme is responsible for attaching nucleotides to the new strands during DNA replication?

Answer 14

DNA polymerase

Question 15

What are the short segments formed during discontinuous replication called?

Answer 15

Okazaki fragments

Question 16

What enzyme links the short segments into a single DNA strand?

Answer 16

DNA ligase

Question 17

What is the process called where DNA is transcribed into RNA?

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

In RNA, which nucleotide pairs with adenine?

Answer 18

Uridine (U)

Question 19

What is a codon?

Answer 19

A sequence of three nucleotides

Question 20

How many possible codons are there?

Answer 20

64 codons

Question 21

What are the codons that do not represent amino acids called?

Answer 21

Stop codons

Question 22

What type of RNA carries genetic information and encodes proteins?

Answer 22

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 23

What are the parts of a gene that are expressed as amino acids called?

Answer 23

Exons

Question 24

What are the parts of a gene that are not expressed as amino acids called?

Answer 24

Introns

Question 25

What process involves the removal of introns and splicing together of exons in mRNA?

Answer 25

RNA splicing

Question 26

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Answer 26

Assists in translation from nucleotide to amino acid language

Question 27

What is the start codon for translation?

Answer 27

AUG

Question 28

What occurs during the termination stage of translation?

Answer 28

The completed polypeptide is released

Question 29

What is the overall process of information flow from genes to proteins called?

Answer 29

Gene expression

Question 30

What is an operon?

Answer 30

A group of genes under coordinated control in bacteria

Question 31

What is the lactose operon responsible for?

Answer 31

Lactose-utilization enzymes

Question 32

What happens to the lac operon when glucose is absent?

Answer 32

cAMP accumulates and activates CAP

Question 33

What is a mutation?

Answer 33

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Question 34

What type of mutation involves replacing one or more nucleotides with other nucleotides?

Answer 34

Base substitutions

Question 35

What are the three methods bacteria use to incorporate new genetic material?

Answer 35

* Transformation * Transduction * Conjugation

Question 36

What did Frederick Griffith's experiment demonstrate about DNA?

Answer 36

It can transform harmless bacteria into pathogenic bacteria

Question 37

What are plasmids?

Answer 37

Small circular pieces of DNA found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 38

What are transposons?

Answer 38

Small segments of DNA capable of moving from one region of DNA to another