Micro chapter 6

Question 1

What is the Carbon Cycle?

Answer 1

series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration, the decay of dead organisms, and the burning of fossil fuels.

Question 2

Describe the energy flow between organisms in an ecosystem

Answer 2

It first starts with the sun sending out a certain amount of energy in which is absorbed by plants but only 10 percent of that energy is absorbed by the plant. that plant is then eaten by another creature which then only 10 percent of that energy is absorbed so on and so forth

Question 3

Why are phototrophs important?

Answer 3

They convert the energy in the sun into ATP
ex. green plants and algae

Question 4

Why are autotrophs important?

Answer 4

They can make organic carbon from inorganic carbon (CO2 —-> sugars)
ex. green plants and algae

Question 5

What is nitrogen fixation and why is it important to organisms?

Answer 5

N2 —-> NH3 because inorganic compounds are essential to sustain life

Question 6

How does nitrogen affect the growth of organisms?

Answer 6

All organisms need N to make amino acids nucleotides and more. No more N no more growth

Question 7

Describe the meaning of optimum growth temperature?

Answer 7

the enzymes in the organisms work more efficiently and are in the correct shape. Membrane lipids are intact and are a good barrier.

Question 8

Describe Barophile

Answer 8

organisms that live at a very high pressure at the bottom of the ocean

Question 9

What is a Photoautotrophs

Answer 9

Is an organisms that that uses light and carbon dioxide as a source of energy and carbon

Question 10

What is a photoheterotroph?

Answer 10

Is an organism that uses light for energy and organic compounds for carbon

Question 11

What is a chemoautotroph?

Answer 11

Is an organism that uses chemical compounds as an energy source and carbon as a carbon source.

Question 12

What is a chemoheterotroph?

Answer 12

is an organism that uses chemical compounds as a energy source and organic compound as a carbon source

Question 13

What is a microaerophile

Answer 13

Microorganisms that used O2 in metabolism but its not always required and can only tolerate oxygen in amounts less than atmospheric pressure

Question 14

what is a facultative anaerobe?

Answer 14

microorganisms that grow best in oxygen but its not required.

Question 15

What is an anaerobe?

Answer 15

Do not use oxygen in metabolism.

Question 16

What is a psychrophile?

Answer 16

organisms that love the cold. Live mainly in 10 degrees C and they don’t cause disease in humans. live in the sow and cold water
ex. Algae

Question 17

what is a mesophile?

Answer 17

organisms that live mainly in between 20 and 40 degrees C many live in animals and humans through pathogens and normal flora

Question 18

What is a Thermophile?

Answer 18

organisms that prefer between 40 to 80 degrees C they live in compost piles and hot springs

Question 19

What is a hyperthermophile?

Answer 19

Organisms that live in about 80 degree C mostly archaea they have certain aspects that allow them to live in high temps

Question 20

What is a neutrophile?

Answer 20

is an organism that’s pH living in mainly near neutral

Question 21

what is a acidophile (obligate vs. acid tolerant)?

Answer 21

Organisms that grow best in acidic environments. obligate organisms require acidic environments while acid tolerant just tolerate it

Question 22

What is a alkalinophile?

Answer 22

organisms that grow best in an alkaline environment

Question 23

How does the concentration of a solution affect microbes?

Answer 23

Most organisms cant live in a hypertonic solution. and hydrostatic pressure is found with water where some microorganisms cant live in high pressures

Question 24

what is the difference between halophiles and facultative halophiles

Answer 24

Halophiles grow best in hypertonic solutions but will explode in freshwater. Facultative halophiles do not require but can tolerate high salt

Question 25

Define Biofilm

Answer 25

is where many species living together in a layer surrounded by glycocalyx are attached to a surface

Question 26

Describe quorum sensing

Answer 26

Is the change is physiology in response to the number of microbes present

Question 27

What are the phases of microbial growth?

Answer 27

1) Lag phase: no increase in call numbers and are preparing for growth by making enzymes
2)log phase: exponential growth occurring, lots of nutrients not much waste
3)stationary phase: no increase in cell number low nutrients
4) death phase: out of nutrients and has lots of waist meaning toxicity increases more cells die

Question 28

what is an obligate aerobe?

Answer 28

organisms that require oxygen for metabolism

Question 29

what is a microaerophile?

Answer 29

An organism that Use O2 in metabolism but isnt required, can tolerate oxygen

Question 30

what is a facultative anaerobe

Answer 30

an organisms that Grow best in oxygen but can survive without it

Question 31

what is an Obligate anaerobe

Answer 31

an organism that is killed by oxygen

Question 32

What is an aerotolerant anaerobe

Answer 32

an organism NO aerobic metabolism but can tolerate oxygen