Micro chapter 4

Question 1

Define Taxonomy

Answer 1

the science of classifying organisms based on similar physiology and morphology

Question 2

Define Phylogeny

Answer 2

The branch of biology that deals with phylogenesis

Question 3

Define Species

Answer 3

A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

Question 4

Define Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 4

Its the genus and specific epithet of the species

Question 5

Define Clone

Answer 5

An organism or cell, or group of organisms or cells, produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical

Question 6

Define Strain

Answer 6

A population of cells derived from a single cell

Question 7

Why is the traditional definition for species problematic for prokaryotes

Answer 7

Because its a collection of strains instead of a collection of similar individuals

Question 8

List the taxonomic groups in descending order (there are 8 of them)

Answer 8

8) Species
7)Genus
6) Family
5) Order
4) Class
3)Phylum
2) Kingdom
1) Domain

Question 9

Describe the different methods of classification for microbes

Answer 9

1) Physical characteristics: Morphology and oxygen requirements
2)Nutrition and metabolism: biochemical tests and media
3) Serological test: can antibodies stick to the organism

Question 10

What is a Cladogram

Answer 10

is when prokaryote cladograms are based on rRNA sequence information

Question 11

What is a dichotomous key

Answer 11

a series of paired statements worded so that only one of two choices applies to any particular organism

Question 12

Describe the aspects of taxonomy (classification, naming, identification)

Answer 12

Classification: Assigning organisms to non-overlapping groups based on mutual similarities
nomenclature (naming): system of naming organisms
Identification: Practical science of determining that an isolated organism belongs to a particular taxon

Question 13

Who is Linnaeus?

Answer 13

Carolus Linnaeus standardized how organisms are named and classified

Question 14

How did Whittaker change Taxonomy?

Answer 14

He proposed taxonomic approach based on five kingdoms: animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, and monera (aka prokaryote)

Question 15

How did Woese change Taxonomy? (3 domains of life and rRNA comparison)

Answer 15

-Sequenced rRNA of prokaryotes to look for differences and determine relationships
-Sequenced rRNA of prokaryotes and Eukaryote and realized there are three distinct types: eukaryote, bacteria and archaea the three domains of life

Question 16

What are the five ways to classify and organism and be able to describe

Answer 16

Physical characteristics: morphology and oxygen requirements
nutrition and metabolism:
serological tests
Phage typing
analysis of nucleic acids

Question 17

What did Robert Whittaker propose?

Answer 17

He proposed the taxonomic approach based on five kingdoms, animalia, planate, fungi, Protista, and monera