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Exploring Religion Vocab > Micro Bio > Flashcards

Micro Bio Flashcards

1
Q

carbon skeleton

A

The chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule

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2
Q

Functional groups

A

bond to carbon skeletons and are responsible for most of the chemical properties of a particular organic compound
Ex) OH

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3
Q

Macromolecules

A

are polymers consisting of many small repeating molecules called monomers

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4
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Serve as cell structures and cellular energy sources
•Include sugars and starches
•Consist of C, H, and O with the formula (CH2O)n
•Many carbohydrates are isomers
•Molecules with same chemical formula, but different structures

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5
Q

Monosaccharides

A

are simple sugars with three to seven carbon atoms

•Glucose and deoxyribose are examples of common monosaccharides

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6
Q

Disaccharides

A

are formed when two monosaccharides are joined in a dehydration synthesis
•Disaccharides can be broken down by hydrolysis

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7
Q

Polysaccharides

A

consist of tens or hundreds of monosaccharides joined through dehydration synthesis
•Starch, glycogen, dextran, and cellulose are polymers of glucose that differ in their bonding and function

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8
Q

Lipids

A

Primary components of cell membranes
•Consist of C, H, and O
•Are nonpolar and insoluble in water

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9
Q

Simple Lipids

A

Fats or triglycerides
•Contain glycerol and fatty acids; formed by dehydration synthesis
Saturated fat: no double bonds in the fatty acids
•Unsaturated fat: one or more double bonds in the fatty acids
•Cis: H atoms on the same side of the double bond
•Trans: H atoms on opposite sides of the double bond

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10
Q

Complex Lipids

A

Contain C, H, and O + P, N, and/or S
•Cell membranes are made of complex lipids called phospholipids
•Glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group
•Phospholipids have polar as well as nonpolar regions

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11
Q

Steroids

A

Four carbon rings with an –OH group attached to one ring

•Part of membranes that keep the membranes fluid

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12
Q

Proteins

A

Made of C, H, O, N, and sometimes S
•Essential in cell structure and function
•Enzymes that speed chemical reactions
•Transporter proteins that move chemicals across membranes
•Flagella that aid in movement
•Some bacterial toxins and cell structures

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13
Q

Amino Acids

A

Proteins consist of subunits called amino acids
•Amino acids contain an alpha-carbon that has an attached:
•Carboxyl group (–COOH)
•Amino group (–NH2)
•Side group

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14
Q

Peptide bonds

A

between amino acids are formed by dehydration synthesis

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15
Q

polypeptide chain

A

The primary structure of Proteins

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16
Q

Secondary protein structure

A

occurs when the amino acid chain folds and coils in a helix or pleated sheet

17
Q

tertiary structure

A

occurs when the helix or sheet folds irregularly, forming disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds, and ionic bonds between amino acids in the chain
3D

18
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of naming and classifying organisms

19
Q

Base

A

A molecule that can dissociate to a OH- ion and cation

Ex) NaOH

20
Q

Salt

A

Cation or anion neither which is H+ or OH-

21
Q

Cation and Anion

A

Cation is positively charged

Anion is negatively charged

22
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site where polypeptides are assembled

:Made of macromolecule: rRNA and protein

23
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Regulates movement of materials in and out of cell

:Made of macromolecule: phospholipid

24
Q

Flagella

A

Filaments used for bacterial motility (get around)

:Made of macromolecule: protein

25
Q

Cell wall

A

Gives cell it’s shape, prevents osmotic lysis (cell bursting)

:Made of macromolecule: peptidoglycan

26
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Protects cell from phagocytosis (ingestion of bacteria) and environmental destruction

27
Q

Bacterial Chromosome

A

Contains most of genetic material for bacterium

:Made of macromolecule: DNA

28
Q

Plasmid

A

Contains antibiotic resistance genes

29
Q

Endospore

A

Dormant structure used to weather poor environmental conditions

30
Q

Fimbriae

A

Filaments that helps pathogen to attach to host

31
Q

Pilus

A

Structure used to transfer plasmids from one bacterial cell to another

32
Q

Peritrichous

A

A bacterium that has many flagella over the surface of its cell

33
Q

Interior to plasma membrane

A

Are: plasmids, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Not: bacterial capsule

34
Q

Structure only found in prokaryotic cells?

A

Endospores

35
Q

Functions of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cell

A

Photosynthesis, regulation of materials leaving and entering cell, respiration (synthesis of ATP)

Exploring Religion Vocab (12 decks)

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