micro - bacteria Flashcards
induces TNF and IL-1
lipiteichoic acid in cell wall, Lipid A
has cell wall
Gm +
has outer membrane
Gm -
mediates adherance to structures
glycocalyx
has lipoteichic acid
Gm +
has endotoxin/LPS
gm -
thick peptidoglycan
gm +
gm + coccus
staph, streo
gm - coccus
neiserra
gm + rod
clostridium cornyebacterium baccillus listeria mycobacteria (acid fast) gardinella (gm variable)
gm - rod
enterics, respiratory, zoonotic
branching filamentous
actinomyces
nocardia (weakly acid-fast)
pleomorphic
rickettsiae
chlamydiae
spiral
leptospira
borrelia
treponema
no cell wall
mycoplasma
wall contains sterols
mycoplasma
wall contains high lipid content
mycobacteria
bugs that don’t gram stain well
treponema rickettsia mycobacteria mycoplasma legionella chlamydia
stains for chlymidia, borrelia, rickettsia, trypansomes, plasmodium
giemsa
PAS stains for
tropheryma whipplei
zeihl-neesen stains
acid-fast bugs
india ink stains
cyrptococcus
silver stain stains
fungi, legonella, heliobacter
grows H flu
chocolate agar
growsNeiseria
thayer-martin/VPN
grows pertuussis
bordet-gengou
grows diptheria
tellurite
grows TB
lowenstein-jensen
grows M pneumonia
eaton’s agar
grows lactose fermenting enterics
pink colonies on macConkey’s
grown E coli
green metallic on EMB
grows fungi
Sanoraroud
obligate aerobes
nocardia, p aeuroginoa, TB, bacillus
aerobe found in burn wounds
P aerugnosa
oblugate anerobes
clostridium, bacteroides, actinomyces
obligate intracellular bugs
chlamydia, rickettsia
faculative intracellular bugs
salmonella neiserria brucella mycobacterium listeria francisella legionella yersina pestis
encapsulated bacteria
strep pnemonia hemophilus flu B neiseria meningitidis E coli salmonella klabsiella pneumoniae group B strep
catalase +
pseudomonas listeria aspergilllus candida staph A serratia
polysaccaride vax with no conjugated protein
pneumovax
conjugated vax
H flu B
meningococcal
urease +
cryptococcus H pylori proteus ureaplasma nocardia klebsiella staph epidermis S saprophyticus
binds Fc region of Ig, preents opsonization and phagocytosis
protein A (staph a)
cleaves IgA
IgA protease (s pnemonia, H flu, neisseria)
prevents phagocytosis - expressed by group A strep
M protein
diseases of exotoxins
tetanus, botulism, diptheria
diseases of endotoxins
meningococcemia, gram - sepsis
location of genes for exotoxins
plasmid/bacteriophage
location of genes for endotoxins
bacterial chromosome
more toxic: endo/exotoxin
exotoxin
more heat stable endo/exotoxin
endotoxin
causes fever and shock
endotoxin
contaiend in cell membrne of most gm -
endotoxin
MOA of diptheria toxin/Exotoxin A (pseudomonas aeruginosa)
initates Elongation factor (EF-2)
MOA of shiga (shigella) /shiga-like toxin (EHEC)
inactivates 60S ribosome by removng adenine from rRNA
MOA of heat-labile (ETEC) roxin
overactives adenalyte cyclase –> cAMP –> Cl-secretion in gut and water efflux
MOA of heat-stable (ETEC) toxin
overactivates cGMP –> lowers salt/water reabsorption in gut
MOA of edema factor (anthrax)
mimics the adenylate cyclase enzyme –> increasing cAMP
MOA of cholera toxin
permanatly increases cAMP –> increases Cl secretion in gut and water efflux
MOA of pertussis toxin
increases cAMP, impairs phagicytosis
MOA of tetanus/botulism toxin
Cleaves SNARE protein required for NT release
pharyngitis with psedomembranes and “bull neck lymphadenopathy”
diptheria
dysentrary and HUS
shigella
HUS w/o dystentary
EHEC
watery diareeha
ETEC
black eschar in skin,
anthrax (cutaneous)
rice-water diarrhea
cholera
whooping cough
pertussis
tetanus toxin effect
prevents release of inhibitory NT (GABA/Glycine)- results in spastic paralysis
botulism toxin effect
prevents release of stimulatory NT (ACh) - results in flaccid paralysis
clostridium perfringens toxin MOA
alpha toxin that degrades tissue and cell membranes
streptolysin O (S pyogenes) toxin
protein that degrades cell membranes
B-hemolysis
s pyogenes
Toxic shock syndrome toxin/exotoxin A MOA
bring MHC-II and TCR in close proximity to outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IFN-g and IL-2. leading to shock
causes scalded skin syndrome
staph A exfoliative toxin
causes Staph A food poisoning
enterotoxin
IL-1 release via endotoxin causes
fever
TNF release via endotoxin causes
fever and hypotension
NO release via endotoxin causes
hypotension
C3a release via endotoxin causes
hyptension and edema
C5 release via endotoxin causes
neutrophil chemotxis
tissue factor release via endotoxin causes
DIC
phase of bacterial growth effected by beta-lactams
log phase
ability to take up naked DNA from environment
transformation
contains genes for sex pilis and conjugation
F+
transposition
DNA segment that jumps from one location to the other, and can transfer genes from plasmid to chromosome and vice versa
bacterial genetic change mediated by phages
transduction
toxin genes located in lysogenic phage
Shiga-like Botox Cholera Diptheria Erythogenic toxin of Strep pyogenes
found in unpasturized milk and causes menegitis in newborns
listeria
Staph A causes
skin infections, organ abcesses, pneumonia, acute bacterial endocarditis, osteomyelitls
infects prostetic devices and catheters
S epidermis
most common cause of meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia, sinusitus
s pneumoniae
cause dental caries and subacute bacterial endocarditis
viridans group strep
group A strep pyogenes cause
pharyngitis, cellulitis, imetigo, scarlet fever, necrolizing faciatis, rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis
strep skin infection can lead to
glomerulonephritis
strep throat can cause
rheumatic fever
passed from mom to infant at birth. causes pneumonia, meningitis and sepis
Strep B
can cause baeterima and subacute endocarditis in colon cancer pts
strep bovis (D)
C difficle toxin that causes pseduomembrane
toxin B
causes gangrene
C perfrinigens
treatment for C diff
metronidazole or oral vancomycin
antibiotics that can being on C diff
clindamycin or ampicillin
bacterium with polypeptide capsule
B anthrax
form “actin rockets” to move from cell to cell and “tumbling” motilty
listeria
can cause spontantous abortion in pregnant women
listeria
long branching non acid fast filaments that cause oral/facial abcesses - yellow sulfer granules
actinomyces
long branching acid fast filaments causeing pulmonary infection in immunocompenent
nocardia
secondary TB usually found in
upper lobes
vax for TB
BCG
bad type of leprosy
lepromatous (TH2 response)
better type of leprosy
tuberculoid (Th1 response)
drugs for leprosy
dapsone and rifampin (clofazimine for lepramatuous)
grows pink colonies on macConkey’s
lactose fermenting enteric (klebsiella, E coli, enterobacter)
gram neg fermenting maltose and glucose
meningococci
treatment for gonococci
ceftriaxone + arithromycin/doxycycline for possible chlamidia
causes meningitis with possible water-house-fridrichseon syndrome
meningococci
prophylaxis for close contact with meningococci pts
rifampin, cipro, ceftriaxone
treatment for meningococci
ceftriaxone or pencillin G
caused by hemophilus influenza
epiglottitis, meningitis, otitis media, pneumonia
treatment for hemophilus influenza
ceftriaxone
mild form of legonairres
pontiac fever
stain for legionella
silver stain
detection of legionella
antigen in urine
how legionella is contracted
infected water (not person to person)
pseudomonas casues
infection in burn victims, pneumonia (in CF pts), external otitis, UTI
treatment for legonella
macrolide or quinolone
treatment for pseudomonas
aminoglycoside + exentended spectrum penicillin
e colis that cause dysentary
EIEC, EHEC
e coli that causes kidney hemolysis
EHEC
red current jelly sputum
klebsiella
casued by klebsiella
aspriation pneumonia in diabetics and alchoholics, abcesses in lungs and liver, nosocomial UTIs
rose spots on abdomen, fever, headache, and diarrhea
salmonella typhi
resivoir of salmonella typhi in carrier
gallbladder
bloody diarrhea from old meat and unpasterized milk
campylobacter
campylobacter can lead to
GB
dx test for h pylori
urease breath test
treatment for lyme disease
doxy, ceftriaxone
natural resivoir of lyme disease
mice
stages of lyme
1 - bulls eye rash, flu-like sx
2 - facial nerve palsy, cardiac issue
3 - chronic arthritus, encephalothy, polyneuropathy
stages of syphillis
1 - local painless chancre
2 - constitutional sx, maculopapular rash,
3 - gummas, ataxia, aortitis, pupil does not react to light
dx of syphillis
1 - VDRL in chacre sample
2 - darkfield microscopy
3 - VDRL of spinal fluid
sx of congential syphillis
saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, mulberry molars
jarisich-herxheimer reaction
flu-like sx right after antibiotics started
bartonella spp causes
cat scratch
borrelia burgdorph causes
lyme (from ixodes ticks)
borrelia recurrents causes
recurrent fever (from louse)
brucella causes
brucllosis (from cows)
campylobacter transmitted by
puppy poop, undercooked meat, fecal oral
coxiella burnetii causes
Q fever (cattle/sheep amniotic fluid)
ehricia chaffeenis causes
erlichoisis (lone star tick)
pasteurella causes
cellulitis, osteomylitis (fickrom cat/dog bite)
rickettsia prowazekii causes
epidemic typhus (louse)
rickettsia rickettsia causes
rocky mountain spotted fever (dermacentor tick)
rickettsia typhi causes endemic typhus
flea
resivoir of plauge
rats and prairie dogs
fishy vagina with clue cells
gardenerallas
treatment for gardneralla
metronidazole
rash starts centrally and spreads out
epidemic typhus
rash starts at wrist and ankles and speads to trunk
RMSF
treatment for all rickettsial diseases
doxycycline
lab dx of chlymidia
cytoplasmic inclusions seen on giesma or flurecent stained antibody smear
infectious form of chlymidia
elementary body
treatment for chlamydia
arithromycin or doxy
causes river blindness
chlamydia trachomatis A,B or C
casues “walking pnemonia” in young pts and prisons
mycoplasma pneumoniae
treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae -
macrolide ot fluroquinolone
