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Step 1 - BS/Micro/Genetics/Biochem/Cell Bio > Cell Bio > Flashcards

Cell Bio Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

HIstone NOT in nucleorsome core

A

H1

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2
Q

condensed chromatin

A

heterochromatin

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3
Q

transcriptionally active chromatin

A

euchromatin (non condensed)

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4
Q

inactivates DNA

A

histone methylation

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5
Q

Purines

A

adenosine, guanine (PURe As Gold)

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6
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine, Thyamine, Uracil (CUT the PY)

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7
Q

amino acids needed for purine sythesis

A

Glycine, aspartate, Glutamine (GAG)

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8
Q

drug disrupting purine base production pathway

A

6-MP

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9
Q

drugs disrupting pyramidine base production

A

hydroxyurea, 5-FU, Methotrexate

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10
Q

megaloblastic anemia - unresponsive to B12/Folic acid, failure to thrive, no hyperammonenia

A

orotic aciduria (treat with oral uridine)

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11
Q

excess ATP and dATP imbalances nucleotide via feedback inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. Leads to

A

SCID

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12
Q

defective purine salvage owing to absence of HGPRT - leads to

A

Lesch-Nylan

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13
Q

retardation, self-multition, aggression, hyeruricemia, gout

A

Lesch-Nylan

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14
Q

mutation causing same amino acid to be produced

A

silent

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15
Q

mutation causing different amino acid to be produced

A

missense

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16
Q

mutation causing early stop codon to be produced

A

nonsense

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17
Q

mutation causing misreading of all downstream nucleotides downstream results in truncated, nonfunctioning protein

A

frameshift

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18
Q

unwinds DNA template at replication fork

A

helicase

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19
Q

relives supercoils

A

topoisomerases

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20
Q

joins Okazaki fragments

A

DNA ligase

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21
Q

adds DNA to 3’ end of chromosomes ro avoid loss ot genetic material with duplication

A

telomerase

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22
Q

xeroderma pigmentosum has loss of

A

nucleotide excision repair

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23
Q

HNPCC has loss of

A

mismatch repair

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24
Q

ataxia telangiectaisa has loss of

A

nonhomologous end joining

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25
Q

direction of DNA synthesis

A

5’ to 3’

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26
Q

mRNA reading direction

A

3’ to 5’

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27
Q

energy source for DNA nucleotide bonds

A

triphosphate on the 5’ end of the incoming nucleotide

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28
Q

start codon

A

AUG

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29
Q

stop codons

A

UGA, UAA, UAG

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30
Q

promotor region on gene usually results in

A

dramatic loss of transcription

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31
Q

capped, tailed and spliced transcript ready to go

A

mRNA

32
Q

contain the actual genetic info for protein coding

A

exons (exons spliced together make the mRNA

33
Q

scrutinizes the amino acid before and after it binds to tRNA

A

aminoacyl tRNA synthtase

34
Q

binds 30s subunit, preventing attachment of aminoacyl tRNA synthtase

A

tetracyclines

35
Q

bind 30S and cause misreading of mRNA

A

aminoglycosides

36
Q

bind 50S and inhibit peptidyl transferase

A

chloramphenicol

37
Q

bind 50S and prevent release of uncharged tRNA

A

macrolides

38
Q

inhibit G1 to S progression

A

P53 and hypophosphorylated Rb

39
Q

labile cells

A

rapidly dividing, never go to GO

40
Q

RER makes

A

secretory proteins

41
Q

SER makes

A

Steroids, and detoxes drugs and poisons

42
Q

cells most rich in RER

A

adrenal cortex and liver

43
Q

Nissel bodies are similar to what organelle

A

RER

44
Q

most be added to proteins to be trafficked to lysosomes

A

Mannose -6-phostphate

45
Q

failure of Mannose 6 phosphate addition to lysosome proteins

A

I cell disease (

46
Q

coarse facies, clouded corneas, restricted joint movement, high plasma levels of lysosome enzymes

A

I cell disease

47
Q

catabolizes very long fatty acids and amino acids

A

peroxisome

48
Q

tags proteins for destruction

A

ubiquitin

49
Q

antihelminthic that acts on microtubles

A

Mebandazole/thiabendazole

50
Q

antifungal that acts on microtubles

A

griseofulvin

51
Q

anticancer drug that acts on microtubles

A

vincristine/vinblastine

52
Q

anti gout drug that acts on microtubles

A

cochicine

53
Q

mutation on the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene

A

chediak-higashi syndrome

54
Q

recurrent pyogenic infections, partial albinism, and peripheral neuropathy

A

chediak-higashi syndrome

55
Q

cause of kartagener’s

A

immotile cilia due to dynein arm defect

56
Q

for each ATP consumed in the Na/K pump how many NA go out and K come in

A

3 Na/2K

57
Q

directly inhibit Na K ATPase

A

digoxin/digitoxin

58
Q

type 1 collegen in

A

bone, skin, tendon

59
Q

defect in type I collegen

A

osteogenisis imperfecta

60
Q

type II collagen in

A

cartilage, nucleus pulposus

61
Q

defect in type III collegen

A

ehler’s Danos

62
Q

type III collegen found in

A

reticulin - skin, blood vessels, uterus, fetal tissue, granulation tissue

63
Q

type IV collegen found in

A

basement membrane

64
Q

defect in type IV collegen

A

alport syndrome

65
Q

scurvy interferes with

A

hydroxilation of specific proline and lysine residues

66
Q

osteogenisis imperfecta interferes with

A

glycosylation of pro-a-chain hydroxylysine residues and formation of procollegen

67
Q

Ehlers danos is problem with

A

crosslinking collegen

68
Q

hyperextendible skin, easy brusing, hypermobile joints

A

ehlers-danos

69
Q

pregressive nephritis and deafness - possible blindness

A

alport syndrome

70
Q

defect in fibrillin

A

marfan’s

71
Q

breaks down elastin

A

elastase

72
Q

can cause emphysema

A

deficiency of a1-antitrypsin - resulting in excess elastase

73
Q

southern blot looks for

A

DNA

74
Q

northern blot looks for

A

RNA

75
Q

Western Blot looks for

A

Protein

76
Q

ELISA looks for

A

antigen (indirect) or antibody (direct)

77
Q

FISH looks for

A

specifc gene of interest on chromosome

Step 1 - BS/Micro/Genetics/Biochem/Cell Bio (9 decks)

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