Micro and virology Flashcards
What is the leading etiologic agent of bacterial pharyngitis?
Strep. Pyogenes: group A strep GAS
Distinguish the clinical features suggestive of GAS vs viral infection
GAS sudden onset sore throat child or youth Fever, abdominal pain Palatal petechiae Tender cervical lymph nodes Tonsil inflammation or exudates
VIRAL Conjunctivitis cough Diarrhea hoarseness
Which of the following bacteria cause typical and atypical pneumonia?
Strep. Pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, H. Influenzae b (and non typeable influenzae), legionella pneumophila.
Typical
Strep. Pneumoniae, H. Influenzae b (and non typeable influenzae)
Atypical
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, legionella pneumophila.
Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila pneumoniae have similar symptoms; what are they, and how do you tell the two apart?
Persistant hacking cough (for wks)
Mycoplasma though, typically infects school aged kids, military, and dorms.
Chlamydophila is more common in the Elderly.
Chlamydophila psittaci has which risk factors and symptoms?
p-sit-ta-ci or shit on a guy as I call it (breath in the air contaminated with bird feces) Can cause symptoms of bilateral pneumonal and severe headache.
List four viral causes of rhinitis and describe their seasonality
Rhino (FALL) Corona (Winter), Adeno (Winter and Summer), Entero (summer)
List 7 viral causes of pharyngitis and describe the genus associated with each
Rhino and Entero are Picornavirdae
Corona virus (subsets: SARS, and MERS)
Adenovirus
HSV-1, EBV, and CMV all Herpes viruses
same 4 as rhinitis plus herpes viruses
What are some risk factors for complications following viral rhinitis? What is a very common complication?
Chronic disease, immune disorders, malnutrition, and smoking
secondary bacterial infection
Based on the clinical syndrome what are some likely viral etiologies?
Common cold infectious mono pharyngitis Herpangina Pharyngoconjunctival fever acute respiratory disease
Common cold: Rhino, and Corona
Infectious mono: EBV, CMV
Pharyngitis: HSV-1 and 2
Herpangina: Enterovirus
Pharyngoconjunctival fever and acute respiratory disease:
Adenovirus.
What’s the most common etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of typical pneumonia?
strep. pneumonia
rapid onset, severe symptoms, productive cough, dense consolidation on CXR.
Hx clinical and CXR with or without microbio testing
What’s the most common etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of atypical pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumonia unless less than 1 yr old
Symptoms- patchy interstitial pattern on CXR. Slower onset and less severe, non productive cough.
Diagnose: CXR more extensive than predicted by exam. hx clinical with or without microbio testing.
34 y/o with 12 day history of cough has productive sputum and recently SOB. Her initial congestion and sore throat is gone but you hear wheezing on auscultation. What does she most likely have?
acute bronchitis
cough longer than 5 day with productive sputum
wheezing and rhonchi
usually influenza
2 month old boy presents in Jan, with labored breathing. He developed fever and rhinitis a few days prior. Temp 100.3, respiration 43 bpm O2 sats 93%, wet cough and mild intercostal retractions with some scattered crackles bilaterally. What’s the most likely etiology?
bronchiolitis- from RSV or rhinovirus
more common in kids under 2 y/o
The common flu is what type of virus?
orthomyxoviridae
Hantavirus is in the Bunyavirus family and can cause hemorrhagic fever in the old world and pulmonary syndrome in the four corners area of the new world. Describe this virus
Circular, enveloped ss- RNA with 3 segments
What are the four most common viral etiologies of pneumonia?
Influenza
RSV (most common under a year)
Adeno
Para influenza
Young child comes in with sudden onset symptoms and fever. Patient is having difficulty swallowing, drooling, distressed and anxious. What is the best treatment for the most likely ailment?
Epiglottitis 4 Ds: dysphagia, dysphonia, drooling, distress
intubate and antibiotics for H. Influenza (ceftriaxone).
Most cases of pneumonia are due to____
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Bacteria esp strep. pneumo
