Micro and virology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading etiologic agent of bacterial pharyngitis?

A

Strep. Pyogenes: group A strep GAS

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2
Q

Distinguish the clinical features suggestive of GAS vs viral infection

A
GAS
sudden onset sore throat
child or youth
Fever, abdominal pain
Palatal petechiae
Tender cervical lymph nodes
Tonsil inflammation or exudates
VIRAL
Conjunctivitis 
cough
Diarrhea
hoarseness
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3
Q

Which of the following bacteria cause typical and atypical pneumonia?

Strep. Pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, H. Influenzae b (and non typeable influenzae), legionella pneumophila.

A

Typical
Strep. Pneumoniae, H. Influenzae b (and non typeable influenzae)

Atypical
Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chlamydophila psittaci, legionella pneumophila.

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4
Q

Mycoplasma and Chlamydophila pneumoniae have similar symptoms; what are they, and how do you tell the two apart?

A

Persistant hacking cough (for wks)

Mycoplasma though, typically infects school aged kids, military, and dorms.

Chlamydophila is more common in the Elderly.

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5
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci has which risk factors and symptoms?

A

p-sit-ta-ci or shit on a guy as I call it (breath in the air contaminated with bird feces) Can cause symptoms of bilateral pneumonal and severe headache.

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6
Q

List four viral causes of rhinitis and describe their seasonality

A

Rhino (FALL) Corona (Winter), Adeno (Winter and Summer), Entero (summer)

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7
Q

List 7 viral causes of pharyngitis and describe the genus associated with each

A

Rhino and Entero are Picornavirdae
Corona virus (subsets: SARS, and MERS)
Adenovirus

HSV-1, EBV, and CMV all Herpes viruses

same 4 as rhinitis plus herpes viruses

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8
Q

What are some risk factors for complications following viral rhinitis? What is a very common complication?

A

Chronic disease, immune disorders, malnutrition, and smoking

secondary bacterial infection

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9
Q

Based on the clinical syndrome what are some likely viral etiologies?

Common cold
infectious mono
pharyngitis
Herpangina
Pharyngoconjunctival fever
acute respiratory disease
A

Common cold: Rhino, and Corona

Infectious mono: EBV, CMV

Pharyngitis: HSV-1 and 2

Herpangina: Enterovirus

Pharyngoconjunctival fever and acute respiratory disease:
Adenovirus.

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10
Q

What’s the most common etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of typical pneumonia?

A

strep. pneumonia

rapid onset, severe symptoms, productive cough, dense consolidation on CXR.

Hx clinical and CXR with or without microbio testing

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11
Q

What’s the most common etiology, symptoms and diagnosis of atypical pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia unless less than 1 yr old

Symptoms- patchy interstitial pattern on CXR. Slower onset and less severe, non productive cough.

Diagnose: CXR more extensive than predicted by exam. hx clinical with or without microbio testing.

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12
Q

34 y/o with 12 day history of cough has productive sputum and recently SOB. Her initial congestion and sore throat is gone but you hear wheezing on auscultation. What does she most likely have?

A

acute bronchitis

cough longer than 5 day with productive sputum
wheezing and rhonchi

usually influenza

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13
Q

2 month old boy presents in Jan, with labored breathing. He developed fever and rhinitis a few days prior. Temp 100.3, respiration 43 bpm O2 sats 93%, wet cough and mild intercostal retractions with some scattered crackles bilaterally. What’s the most likely etiology?

A

bronchiolitis- from RSV or rhinovirus

more common in kids under 2 y/o

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14
Q

The common flu is what type of virus?

A

orthomyxoviridae

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15
Q

Hantavirus is in the Bunyavirus family and can cause hemorrhagic fever in the old world and pulmonary syndrome in the four corners area of the new world. Describe this virus

A

Circular, enveloped ss- RNA with 3 segments

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16
Q

What are the four most common viral etiologies of pneumonia?

A

Influenza
RSV (most common under a year)
Adeno
Para influenza

17
Q

Young child comes in with sudden onset symptoms and fever. Patient is having difficulty swallowing, drooling, distressed and anxious. What is the best treatment for the most likely ailment?

A

Epiglottitis 4 Ds: dysphagia, dysphonia, drooling, distress

intubate and antibiotics for H. Influenza (ceftriaxone).

18
Q

Most cases of pneumonia are due to____

Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi

A

Bacteria esp strep. pneumo