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Micro Flashcards

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1
Q

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

A

First person to build and use a microscope

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2
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Taxonomy and nomenclatures

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3
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Antiseptics

Hand washing

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4
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Made connection between puerperal fever and examinations to delivery women

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5
Q

Alexander Fleming

A

Antibiotics

Discovered Penicillin

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6
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

A

Causative agent found
Agent must be isolated and grown outside the host
When agent is introduced into a healthy host, the host must get the disease
The same agent must be re-isolated from experimental host

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7
Q

Germ theory of disease

A

Pasteur

Microorganisms could be the cause of disease

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8
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Sugars that can not be hydrolyzed

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9
Q

Disaccharides

A

2 monosaccharides

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10
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Several monosaccharides grouped together

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11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides 1
Disaccharides 2
Polysaccharides 3+

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12
Q

Lipids

A

Triglycerides

Phospholipids

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13
Q

Triglycerides

A

Three fatty acid groups

Natural fats and oils

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14
Q

Phospholipids

A

Class of lipids who are hydrophobic

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15
Q

DNA structure and sugars

A

1 Phosphate
1 Sugar
1 Nitrogen base

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16
Q

RNA structure and sugars

A

Consist of 4 nitrogenous bases

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17
Q

Gram stain procedure

A

Application of a primary stain - Cresyl violet (Blue)
Depolarization - Cell wall (Positive or negative charge)
Counterstain - Safranin (Pink)

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18
Q

Gram positive

A

Blue/Purple
Skin
Mucus membranes
Thick Peptidoglycan ()

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19
Q

Gram negative

A

Red/Pink
Gastrointestinal track
Urogenital Track
Thin peptidoglycan layer (Doesn’t hold pink primary stain)

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20
Q

Atypical Bacteria

A

Does not respond to primary stain nor counterstain
Do not show color
Due to lack of cell wall

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21
Q

Anabolism

A

Taking small molecules and building them up and creating larger molecules
Requires ATP

22
Q

Catabolism

A

Taking larger molecules and break them apart

All this with the purpose of releasing energy in the for of ATP

23
Q

Enzymes

A 
Very specific
Lock and key fashion
Decrease the activate energy needed for the reaction
Therefore speeding the reaction 
Re-usable
24
Q

Competitive inhibitor

A

Compete for the same binding (ACTIVE) site

25
Q

Non-competitive

A

Binds to another side other than the ACTIVE site

26
Q

ATP

A

Adenine triphosphate

27
Q

ADP

A

ATP after they’ve lost the phosphate

28
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

A phosphate is transferred from some molecule to ADP to create ATP

29
Q

Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Phosphate is added to ADP through series of REDOX reactions

Occurring during a respiratory pathway

30
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

Phosphate is added to ADP to make ATP

All this using energy from the sun

31
Q

What are the five I’s

A 
Inoculation
Incubation
Isolation
Inspection
Identification
32
Q

Types of Helminths

A

Roundworms
Pinworms
Tapeworms

33
Q

Pathogen

A 
Any agent that causes disease
Virus 
Bacteria
Fungus
Parasite
34
Q

Glycolysis

A

Break down of sugars
Takes place in the cytoplasm
Does not require oxygen

35
Q

Similarities between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

A

Posses genetic information
Presence of ribosomes
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm

36
Q

Parasites

A

Harbored and nourished by the host

Always harmful to the host

37
Q

Biofilm Infections

A 
Attach to the surface 
Cemented by sugars secreted by the bacteria
Very difficult to dislodge
Ear, prostate, and lung infections
Heart valves and artificial joints
38
Q

Ferdinand Cohn

A 
Classification of bacteria
Spherical
Rods
Threads
Spirals
39
Q

Robert Koch

A

Postulates for culturing
Isolated anthrax
Develop staining methods

40
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases called purines?

A

Adenine

Guanine

41
Q

What are the nitrogenous bases called pyrimidines?

A

Thymine

Cytosine

42
Q

How do the nitrogenous bases pair up?

A

Adenine with Thymine

Guanine with Cytosine

43
Q

Features of eukaryotic cells

A 
Cytoplasmic membrane
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus 
Cytoskeleton
44
Q

External parts of the Eukaryotic cell

A 
Flagella 
Cilia
Capsules
Slime
Glycocalix
45
Q

Boundary parts of the cell

A

Cell wall

Cytoplasmic membrane

46
Q

Internal parts of the Eukaryotic cell

A 
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Organelles
Ribosomes
Cytoskeleton
47
Q

What constitutes the nucleus?

A

Nuclear envelope
Nucleus
Chromosomes

48
Q

What are the organelles?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum - Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus - Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

49
Q

What makes up the cytoskeleton?

A

Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Actin filaments

50
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Production of gametes

51
Q

What do chloroplast do?

A

They convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis

52
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Budding

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