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Step 1 > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

S. bovis

A

Colonizes gut; can cause bacteremia and subacute endocarditis , associated w/ colon cancer
“bovis in the blood, cancer in the colon”

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2
Q

Diphtheria caused by

A

Exotoxin encoded by beta prophage.

Inhibits protein synthesis via ADP-ribosylation of EF-2 (elongation factor)

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3
Q

Sxs of diphtheria

A

pseudomembranous pharyngitis w/ LAD, myocarditis, arrhythmias

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4
Q

Black colonies on cystine-tellurite agar

A

diphtheria

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5
Q

Diphtheria ABDEFG mnemonic

A 
ADP-ribosylation
Beta prophage
Corynebacterium
Diphtheriae
Elongation Factor 2
Granules (lab dx based on G+ rods with metachroniatic granules and +Elek test for toxin)
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6
Q

Scabies

A

intensely pruritic rash on flexor surfaces of wrist, lateral surface of fingers, finger webs. Usually worse at night due to delayed type IV hypersensitivity rx to mite, mite fees/eggs.

Linear burrows are most specific finding.

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7
Q

Multinucleated giant cells

A

Herpes, shingles

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8
Q

Necrotic keratinocytes

A

stevens johnson syndrome

s/p CMV, mycoplasma, or drug exposure

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9
Q

What antibiotic treats diphtheria

A

penicillin
also need to give the antitoxin
(and DPT vaccine but this doesn’t help active infx)

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10
Q

paramyxovirus

A

measles

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11
Q

togaviruses

A

Rubella (congenital, childhood, adult)

Arbovirus: Western/Eastern/Venezuelan equine encephalitis

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12
Q

Vibrio Cholerae

A

comma shaped, oxidase positive
gram negative bacillus
grow on alkaline selective media (thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose aka TCBS agar)
More infective in alkaline situations (ppl on PPIs)

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13
Q

bacillary angiomatosis

A

skin infx caused by cat scratch disease aka bartonella

immunocompromised patients need erythromycin or doxy; can be fatal

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14
Q

c perfringens toxin

A

lecithinase aka alpha toxin

degrades lecithin in phospholipid membranes

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15
Q

What is O antigen

A

found on outer membrane of gram neg bacteria, most extracellular component of LPS

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16
Q

how do super antigens work

A

bind to T cell receptor and MHC class II on APCs, leading to widespread T cell stimulation and inflammation

17
Q

How does LOS (neisseria meningitides) work

A

induces production of TNF-a, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8 via interaction with TLR4

18
Q

toxin from scalded skin syndrome does what

A

cleaves desmoglein in desmosomes

19
Q

bacitracin test sometimes replaced by which

A

PYR test
PYR + is GAS
PYR - is GBS

20
Q

proofreading of DNA goes which direction

A

3’–>5’

21
Q

how to tell difference between e coli UTI and enterobacter colacae

A

e coli is indole positive

22
Q

what reproductive process can segmented viruses participate in?

A

Reassortment - refers to changes in genomic composition that occur when host cells are connected with two segmented viruses that can exchange whole genome sequences.

23
Q

what are the four segmented viruses

A

BOAR: bunyavirus, orthomixovirus (flu), arenavirus, reovirus

24
Q

p53 gene does what

A

stops cells at G1/S phase to allow for DNA fixing

25
Q

Fluoroquinolones MOA

A

disrupt DNA winding-unwinding

26
Q

Bactrim MOA

A

blocks folic acid metabolism

27
Q

vancomycin MOA

A

binds to D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors, blocking glycopeptide polymerization and inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

28
Q

Linezolid MOA

A

inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 23S ribosomal RNA of 50S subunit. - prevents ribosomal formation

29
Q

daptomycin MOA

A

causes depolarization of bacterial cellular membrane and inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis

assoc w/ elevated CPK

30
Q

HPV 6/11 prefer what kind of cells

A

stratified squamous epithelium: anal canal, vagina, cervix, and vocal cords (obviously this is SUPER high yield)

31
Q

norepinephrine has minimal effect on what type of receptors?

A

beta 2

32
Q

cyanide nitroprusside urine test

A

a qualitative test for diagnosis of cystinuria; the addition of fresh sodium cyanide formed by sodium nitroprusside to a sample of urine gives rise to a stable red-purple color in the presence of cystine.

33
Q

Winter’s formula

A

predicts res compensation for met acidosis

Pco2 = 1.5 [HCO3-] + 8 +/- 2

34
Q

mnemonic for high AG acidosis

A

MUDPILES

Methanol, uremia, DKA, propylene glycol, iron/isoniazid, lactate, ethylene glycol, salicylate (late)

35
Q

mnemonic for non-AG acidosis

A 
HARD ASS
Hyperalimentation
Addison's
RTA
Diarrhea
Acetazolamide
Spironolactone
Saline infusion

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