micro 4

Question 1

Part of body with highest bacterial diversity

Answer 1

colon

10^10 - 10^13

Question 2

pH of small intestine

Answer 2

6.5 - 7.5

Question 3

pH of colon

Answer 3

5 - 7

Question 4

oxygen content in small intestine, stomach and colon

Answer 4

small intestine - decreased oxygen
stomach - oxygen present
colon - anaerobic

Question 5

bacteria in small intestine

Answer 5

facultative anaerobes
streptococcus
lactobacillus
enterobacteriaceae

Question 6

bacteria in stomach

Answer 6

mainly streptococcus and lactobacillus

Question 7

bacteria in colon

Answer 7

particularly anaerobes
clostridia
bacteriodes
bifidobacterium

Question 8

How do bacteria contribute to metabolism?

Answer 8

provides nutrients humans can't produce normally
breakdown of non-digestible substrates (dietary fibre and intestinal mucus)
production of short chain FAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate)
amino acid metabolism (tryptophan)
vitamin production (B10, PABA)

Question 9

What bacteria breaks down tryptophan?

Answer 9

E coli

Question 10

What breaks down tryptophan?

Answer 10

tryptophanse

Question 11

Microbes derived from maternal skin in cesarean

Answer 11

staphylococcus

propionibacterium

Question 12

How do artificial sweeteners effect the gut microbiome?

Answer 12

cause overgrowth of E coli and proteobacteria
increase fecal pH
decrease bacteroides and clostridia
-> increase glucose intolerance