Micro

Question 1

Organism responsible for 80% community acquired and 40% hospital acquired UTIs
Normal gut flora
Sensitive to antimicrobials

Answer 1

Escherichia coli

Question 2

5% community and 11% nosocomial UTIs
normal gut flora
strong urease producer, splits urea to ammonia, increasing risk of calculi. infection can be recurrent if bacteria in calculi.
sensitive to antimicrobials

Answer 2

Proteus mirabilis

Question 3

Name 4 gram -ve rods causing UTIs, especially nosocomial (25%) infections.
normal gut flora.
which one forms biofilms on catheters?
highly resistant to antibiotics

Answer 3

Klebsiella
Serratia marcescen
Enterobacter
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (normal flora when on antimicrobial therapy, or acquired from catheters)

Question 4

coagulase negative organism responsible for honeymoon cystitis
sensitive to amoxycillin

Answer 4

staphlyococcus saprophyticus

Question 5

10% of community acquired UTIs
normal skin and urethral flora
forms biofilms on plastic such as urinary catheters

Answer 5

coagulase-negative staphylococci

Question 6

rare cause of UTI, acquired through haematogenous route - so need to exclude septicaemia
penicillin resistant

Answer 6

staph aureus

Question 7

normal gut flora causing UTIs usually in hospital setting

lots of antibiotic resistance

Answer 7

Enterococcus
E. faecalis
E. faecium

Question 8

normal gut and sometimes vagina flora that can cause UTI
important neonatal pathogen so must always treat in pregnant women, even if part of a mixed growth
generally sensitive to antimicrobials

Answer 8

strep agalactiae

Question 9

5% nosocomial UTIs caused by this yeast (fungi).
important to exclude vulvovaginitis
colonises catheters, especially immunocompromised.
treat with fluconazole, but only if symptomatic. otherwise, just replace catheter

Answer 9

candida species