Clinical

Question 1

anosmia

Answer 1

loss of smell

Question 2

dysosmia

Answer 2

reduced smell

Question 3

ptosis

Answer 3

droopy eyelid

Question 4

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 4

ptosis, meiosis and anhydrosis of forehead

Question 5

nystagmus

Answer 5

involuntary rapid eye movement (horizontal, vertical, or rotatory)

Question 6

miosis

Answer 6

constricted pupil

Question 7

mydriasis

Answer 7

dilated pupil

Question 8

whole side of face weak/droopy

upper or lower motor neuron facial palsy?

Answer 8

lower motor neuron facial palsy, because there must be nerve or nucleus involved, such as in Bell’s palsy

Question 9

only lower half of face weak/droopy

upper or lower motor neurone facial palsy?

Answer 9

upper motor neuron facial palsy, must be lesion in brain such as a stroke above the VII nucleus as forehead muscles are ‘saved’ by their bilateral supply from brain

Question 10

why is facial nerve anatomy unique?

Answer 10

control of forehead muscles comes from both sides of the brain, while lower face mm are supplied by just one side