Micro

Question 1

The primary function of the prokaryotic cell wall is?

Answer 1

Structural support and protection

Question 2

Which substance is the primary component of the cell wall in bacteria?

Answer 2

peptidoglycan

Question 3

How does the composition of the cell wall differ between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 3

Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane

Question 4

What do prokaryotic cells lack that eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 4

Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.T/F

Answer 5

False

Question 6

What is the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 6

DNA storage and control of cell activities

Question 7

The DNA within the nucleoid is loosely packed.T/F

Answer 7

False

Question 8

What do plasmids carry that may benefit the survival of the organism?

Answer 8

Antibiotic resistance genes

Question 9

In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are larger than those in eukaryotic cells.T/F

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What is the primary composition of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 11

The outer membrane is characteristic of all bacteria.T/F

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Which model best describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Answer 12

Fluid mosaic model

Question 13

In prokaryotic cells, ATP synthesis occurs in mitochondria.T/F

Answer 13

False

Question 14

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve is there no increase in population?

Answer 14

Lag phase

Question 15

Besides providing structural support, the cell wall also?

Answer 15

Maintains cell shape and prevents bursting

Question 16

How does the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer differ between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 16

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer

Question 17

The outer leaflet of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria is primarily composed of?

Answer 17

lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Question 18

How does the cell wall structure of gram-positive bacteria differ from that of gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 18

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, while gram-negative bacteria .have a thin layer surrounded by an outer membrane

Question 19

Which statement accurately describes the function of the prokaryotic cell wall?

Answer 19

The cell wall provides protection against physical stress and environmental damage

Question 20

Which component of the cell wall in gram-negative bacteria can act as endotoxins and trigger immune responses?

Answer 20

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 21

Where is the peptidoglycan layer located in gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 21

In the periplasmic space, between the inner cell membrane and an additional outer membrane

Question 22

In bacteria, the cell wall plays a role in?

Answer 22

Cell division and anchoring the flagella

Question 23

Which type of transport does not require energy?

Answer 23

Passive Transport

Question 24

In osmosis, water molecules move towards a lower solute
concentration.T/F

Answer 24

False

Question 25

What is the primary currency of cell energy?

Answer 25

ATP

Question 26

What do hydrolytic enzymes do?

Answer 26

produces and secretes proteins that help them establish infections. These are known as virulence factors or pathogenicity proteins." • "These proteins can help bacteria adhere to host cells,invade host tissues, evade the immune system, or produce toxins that damage host cells."

Question 27

Pathogenicity proteins help bacteria establish infections.T/F

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Where does lipid synthesis occur in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 28

Cell membrane

Question 29

In bacteria, peptidoglycan synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.T/F

Answer 29

False, in Cell membrane

Question 30

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 30

Movement in response to chemical stimulus

Question 31

Chemotaxis is not important for the survival and growth of prokaryotes.T/F

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Which of the following is an application of microbial genetics in pharmacy?

Answer 32

Understanding antibiotic resistance

Question 33

What is the significance of understanding pharmacogenetics in drug response?

Answer 33

It enables personalized and effective treatments.

Question 34

What is the role of DNA replication in microbial growth and reproduction?

Answer 34

It allows for rapid growth and reproduction.

Question 35

What is the significance of induced mutations in understanding and preventing diseases?

Answer 35

They are caused by exposure to physical or chemical agents.

Question 36

Which of the following best describes microbial genetics?

Answer 36

The study of how genes are organized and regulated in microbes in relation to their cellular functions.

Question 37

How do chromosomes contribute to the inherited characteristics of organisms?

Answer 37

They carry genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 38

How can microbial genetics contribute to the development of new drugs?

Answer 38

By manipulating the genes of beneficial microbes

Question 39

How do microbes generate genetic diversity?

Answer 39

Through transformation, conjugation, and transduction

Question 40

What is the function of plasmids in microbial genetics?

Answer 40

They carry genetic material into another cell for expression and replication.

Question 41

How does understanding microbial genetics help in combating antibiotic resistance?

Answer 41

By understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Question 42

Which process in microbial genetics involves the simultaneous occurrence of transcription and translation?

Answer 42

Coupled transcription and translation

Question 43

Which of the following is a physical mutagen that can cause mutations?

Answer 43

UV radiation

Question 44

How can genetic understanding of beneficial microbes contribute to pharmacy?

Answer 44

By developing probiotics and other treatments that modulate the microbiome

Question 45

What is the role of transposons in causing mutations?

Answer 45

They can move around the genome and disrupt gene sequences.

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?

Answer 46

Base substitution

Question 47

How do spontaneous mutations contribute to genetic diversity within populations?

Answer 47

They occur naturally without the influence of external factors

Question 48

What is the function of codons in protein synthesis?

Answer 48

They correspond with specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Question 49

What is the role of DNA replication in microbial growth and reproduction?

Answer 49

It allows for rapid growth and reproduction.