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Micro > Micro > Flashcards

Micro Flashcards

1
Q

The primary function of the prokaryotic cell wall is?

A

Structural support and protection

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2
Q

Which substance is the primary component of the cell wall in bacteria?

A

peptidoglycan

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3
Q

How does the composition of the cell wall differ between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

A

Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane

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4
Q

What do prokaryotic cells lack that eukaryotic cells have?

A

Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

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5
Q

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.T/F

A

False

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6
Q

What is the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?

A

DNA storage and control of cell activities

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7
Q

The DNA within the nucleoid is loosely packed.T/F

A

False

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8
Q

What do plasmids carry that may benefit the survival of the organism?

A

Antibiotic resistance genes

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9
Q

In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are larger than those in eukaryotic cells.T/F

A

False

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10
Q

What is the primary composition of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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11
Q

The outer membrane is characteristic of all bacteria.T/F

A

False

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12
Q

Which model best describes the structure of the cell membrane?

A

Fluid mosaic model

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13
Q

In prokaryotic cells, ATP synthesis occurs in mitochondria.T/F

A

False

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14
Q

During which phase of the bacterial growth curve is there no increase in population?

A

Lag phase

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15
Q

Besides providing structural support, the cell wall also?

A

Maintains cell shape and prevents bursting

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16
Q

How does the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer differ between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

A

Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer

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17
Q

The outer leaflet of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria is primarily composed of?

A

lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

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18
Q

How does the cell wall structure of gram-positive bacteria differ from that of gram-negative bacteria?

A

Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, while gram-negative bacteria .have a thin layer surrounded by an outer membrane

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19
Q

Which statement accurately describes the function of the prokaryotic cell wall?

A

The cell wall provides protection against physical stress and environmental damage

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20
Q

Which component of the cell wall in gram-negative bacteria can act as endotoxins and trigger immune responses?

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

21
Q

Where is the peptidoglycan layer located in gram-negative bacteria?

A

In the periplasmic space, between the inner cell membrane and an additional outer membrane

22
Q

In bacteria, the cell wall plays a role in?

A

Cell division and anchoring the flagella

23
Q

Which type of transport does not require energy?

A

Passive Transport

24
Q

In osmosis, water molecules move towards a lower solute
concentration.T/F

A

False

25
Q

What is the primary currency of cell energy?

A

ATP

26
Q

What do hydrolytic enzymes do?

A

produces and secretes proteins that
help them establish infections. These are known as virulence factors or pathogenicity proteins.”
• “These proteins can help bacteria adhere to host cells,invade host tissues, evade the immune system, or produce toxins that damage host cells.”

27
Q

Pathogenicity proteins help bacteria establish infections.T/F

A

True

28
Q

Where does lipid synthesis occur in prokaryotic cells?

A

Cell membrane

29
Q

In bacteria, peptidoglycan synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.T/F

A

False, in Cell membrane

30
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

Movement in response to chemical stimulus

31
Q

Chemotaxis is not important for the survival and growth of prokaryotes.T/F

A

False

32
Q

Which of the following is an application of microbial genetics in pharmacy?

A

Understanding antibiotic resistance

33
Q

What is the significance of understanding pharmacogenetics in drug response?

A

It enables personalized and effective treatments.

34
Q

What is the role of DNA replication in microbial growth and reproduction?

A

It allows for rapid growth and reproduction.

35
Q

What is the significance of induced mutations in understanding and preventing diseases?

A

They are caused by exposure to physical or chemical agents.

36
Q

Which of the following best describes microbial genetics?

A

The study of how genes are organized and regulated in microbes in relation to their cellular functions.

37
Q

How do chromosomes contribute to the inherited characteristics of organisms?

A

They carry genetic information in the form of genes.

38
Q

How can microbial genetics contribute to the development of new drugs?

A

By manipulating the genes of beneficial microbes

39
Q

How do microbes generate genetic diversity?

A

Through transformation, conjugation, and transduction

40
Q

What is the function of plasmids in microbial genetics?

A

They carry genetic material into another cell for expression and replication.

41
Q

How does understanding microbial genetics help in combating antibiotic resistance?

A

By understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

42
Q

Which process in microbial genetics involves the simultaneous occurrence of transcription and translation?

A

Coupled transcription and translation

43
Q

Which of the following is a physical mutagen that can cause mutations?

A

UV radiation

44
Q

How can genetic understanding of beneficial microbes contribute to pharmacy?

A

By developing probiotics and other treatments that modulate the microbiome

45
Q

What is the role of transposons in causing mutations?

A

They can move around the genome and disrupt gene sequences.

46
Q

Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?

A

Base substitution

47
Q

How do spontaneous mutations contribute to genetic diversity within populations?

A

They occur naturally without the influence of external factors

48
Q

What is the function of codons in protein synthesis?

A

They correspond with specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

49
Q

What is the role of DNA replication in microbial growth and reproduction?

A

It allows for rapid growth and reproduction.

Micro (2 decks)

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