Micro Flashcards
The primary function of the prokaryotic cell wall is?
Structural support and protection
Which substance is the primary component of the cell wall in bacteria?
peptidoglycan
How does the composition of the cell wall differ between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane
What do prokaryotic cells lack that eukaryotic cells have?
Nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.T/F
False
What is the function of the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
DNA storage and control of cell activities
The DNA within the nucleoid is loosely packed.T/F
False
What do plasmids carry that may benefit the survival of the organism?
Antibiotic resistance genes
In prokaryotic cells, ribosomes are larger than those in eukaryotic cells.T/F
False
What is the primary composition of the plasma membrane in prokaryotic cells?
Phospholipids and proteins
The outer membrane is characteristic of all bacteria.T/F
False
Which model best describes the structure of the cell membrane?
Fluid mosaic model
In prokaryotic cells, ATP synthesis occurs in mitochondria.T/F
False
During which phase of the bacterial growth curve is there no increase in population?
Lag phase
Besides providing structural support, the cell wall also?
Maintains cell shape and prevents bursting
How does the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer differ between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer
The outer leaflet of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria is primarily composed of?
lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
How does the cell wall structure of gram-positive bacteria differ from that of gram-negative bacteria?
Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, while gram-negative bacteria .have a thin layer surrounded by an outer membrane
Which statement accurately describes the function of the prokaryotic cell wall?
The cell wall provides protection against physical stress and environmental damage
Which component of the cell wall in gram-negative bacteria can act as endotoxins and trigger immune responses?
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Where is the peptidoglycan layer located in gram-negative bacteria?
In the periplasmic space, between the inner cell membrane and an additional outer membrane
In bacteria, the cell wall plays a role in?
Cell division and anchoring the flagella
Which type of transport does not require energy?
Passive Transport
In osmosis, water molecules move towards a lower solute
concentration.T/F
False
What is the primary currency of cell energy?
ATP
What do hydrolytic enzymes do?
produces and secretes proteins that
help them establish infections. These are known as virulence factors or pathogenicity proteins.”
• “These proteins can help bacteria adhere to host cells,invade host tissues, evade the immune system, or produce toxins that damage host cells.”
Pathogenicity proteins help bacteria establish infections.T/F
True
Where does lipid synthesis occur in prokaryotic cells?
Cell membrane
In bacteria, peptidoglycan synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.T/F
False, in Cell membrane
What is chemotaxis?
Movement in response to chemical stimulus
Chemotaxis is not important for the survival and growth of prokaryotes.T/F
False
Which of the following is an application of microbial genetics in pharmacy?
Understanding antibiotic resistance
What is the significance of understanding pharmacogenetics in drug response?
It enables personalized and effective treatments.
What is the role of DNA replication in microbial growth and reproduction?
It allows for rapid growth and reproduction.
What is the significance of induced mutations in understanding and preventing diseases?
They are caused by exposure to physical or chemical agents.
Which of the following best describes microbial genetics?
The study of how genes are organized and regulated in microbes in relation to their cellular functions.
How do chromosomes contribute to the inherited characteristics of organisms?
They carry genetic information in the form of genes.
How can microbial genetics contribute to the development of new drugs?
By manipulating the genes of beneficial microbes
How do microbes generate genetic diversity?
Through transformation, conjugation, and transduction
What is the function of plasmids in microbial genetics?
They carry genetic material into another cell for expression and replication.
How does understanding microbial genetics help in combating antibiotic resistance?
By understanding the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance
Which process in microbial genetics involves the simultaneous occurrence of transcription and translation?
Coupled transcription and translation
Which of the following is a physical mutagen that can cause mutations?
UV radiation
How can genetic understanding of beneficial microbes contribute to pharmacy?
By developing probiotics and other treatments that modulate the microbiome
What is the role of transposons in causing mutations?
They can move around the genome and disrupt gene sequences.
Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?
Base substitution
How do spontaneous mutations contribute to genetic diversity within populations?
They occur naturally without the influence of external factors
What is the function of codons in protein synthesis?
They correspond with specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.
What is the role of DNA replication in microbial growth and reproduction?
It allows for rapid growth and reproduction.
