Micro Flashcards
staining for cryptococcus neoformans
india ink
staining for pneumocystitis
silver staining or periodic acid-schiff stain
staining for candida
periodic acid-Schiff or methenamine silver stain
staining for aspergillus
methenamine silver stain or PAS
antigenic test for cryptococcus
glucoronoxylomannan (GXM)
antigen test for aspergillus
galactomannan
antigen test for candida, PCP and aspergillus
Beta D Glucan
antibiotic for bacterial vaginosis
metronidazole
stat or weekly
What organism is responsible for the sexually transmitted infection Chancroid, which causes multiple painful ulcers.
haemophilus ducreyi
what chemical reaction test can be diagnostic for the presence of tinea or trycophyton
potassium hydroxide
what infection is fungal serology used for
histoplasmosis
Pneumonia in plumbers
legionella pneumophilia
abx for legionella
doxycycline, macrolides or fluroquinolones
how is pityriasis vesicolour diagnosed
Wood’s lamp
food poisoning within couple hours is most likely be caused by?
staphylococcus aureus
During which trimester of pregnancy is the risk of HSV transmission to a neonate greatest?
3rd Trimester
The presence of clue cells on microscopy of vaginal discharge suggests what diagnosis?
bacterial vaginosis
What is the name of the neurological sign of a pupil that accommodates, but does not react to light?
Argyll Robertson pupil
key feature of leptospirosis
subconjuctival haemorrhages
abnormal U&Es
farmers
What gram positive organism is associated with tumbling motility and rockets?
Listeria monocytogenes
What diagnostic test is used to diagnose chlamydia infection?
Nucleic Acid Amplification tests
What antiviral drug is typically given prophylactically to patients undergoing allogenic stem cell transplantation to protect against CMV infection?
gancyclovir
what is the treatment of syphilis
IM benzylpencillin
what reaction can develop hours after treating syphilis
Jarisch Herxheimer reaction
fever, headache and muscle aches
What is the first line antibiotic for the treatment of sinusitis in a systemically well patient with no known allergies, assuming there has been no improvement of symptoms for at least 10 days?
phenoxymethypenicillin
offensive smelling, yellow-green discharge
Trichomonas vaginalis
treatment of trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
what blood test should be done prior to starting a systemic anti fungal such as terbinafine
LFTs
which organs are affected by visceral leishmaniasis
liver, spleen and bone marrow.
diagnosed with splenic or bone marrow aspirate
An adult with molloscum contagiosum must have which infection ruled out?
HIV
What is the most common organism that causes an aseptic meningitis?
enterovirus
Other viruses such as herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, mumps, and HIV can also cause it.
what is aseptic meningitis?
Aseptic meningitis is inflammation of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord without any bacterial or fungal infection.
What is the bacteria responsible for Scarlet Fever?
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Strep)
antiviral given to child with co-morbidities with Respiratory Syncytial virus
ribavirin
which pneumonia has a halo sign on chest x ray
aspergillus fumigatus
treatment for aspergillus fumigatus
voriconazole
treatment for cryptococcus neoformans
amphotericin B
fungi involved in pityriasis vesicolour
malassezia furfur
Lady came back from visiting her sister in Arizona with systemic sx
responsible fungus?
coccidioides
Man in his 60s with poorly controlled diabetes presents with rapidly progressing periorbital swelling, sinus pain and confusion
rhizopus spp causing mucromycosis
A soldier returning from Afghanistan has a small ulcer on right ring finger that won’t heal and keeps getting bigger
Leishmaniasis
Snail trail oral ulcer in a homosexual man
treponema pallidum
Virus that may cause Hydrops fetalis if caught in first 20wks of pregnancy
parvovirus
Virus that require C-section if mother has an outbreak at 34wks or later due to risk of transmission vaginally
herpes simplex virus
Virus which if transmitted to baby: they can initially be symptomless but then come down with long term sequelae
cytomegalovirus
undercooked poultry at the barbecue causing bloody diarrhoea
campylobacter jejuni
associate with Guillaine Barre Syndrome
campylobacter jejuni
Beta lactam with anti-pseudomonal activity
ceftazidime
Broad spec, no pseudomonal activity usually given with a beta lactamase inhibitor
amoxicillin
A DNA synthesis inhibitor used to treat Pseudomonal infections but poor against anaerobes
ciprofloxacin
which STI causes a painless ulcer and which one is painful
painless: treponema pallidum (syphilis)
painful: HSV
what causes genital warts, what causes genital ulcers
warts: HPV 6 and 1
ulcers: HSV 2
which STI can be identified on wet prep microscopy
trichomonas vaginalis
19 year old rugby player with boils, members of his team have similar boils, as do members of his family
staphylococcus aureus
Neonate has meningitis, Gram positive organism in chains
Group B strep
vaccine preventable disease: Virus that resides in pharynx and GIT - 1:100 encephalitis, 1:1000 destruction of motor neurons
poliovirus
vaccine preventable disease that develops a grey film over the back of the throat
diphtheria
vaccine preventable disease that causes a maculopapular rash moves from face that can cause encephalitis and pneumonitis
measles
vaccine preventable disease that causes lockjaw
tetanus
bacteria that causes cat scratch disease
Bartonella henselae
what is the definite of herd immunity threshold
The proportion of immune healthy people needed within a population to stop a pathogen’s spread:
1- (1/R0)%
what is the lifetime risk of immunocompetent getting active TB?
10%
Receptor/ cytokine mutation that could be protective in HIV
CCR5/MIP-1a
what drug is used to treat severe malaria is artesunate is not available
IV quinine
what does the Paul Bunnell test look for
presence of antibodies to EBV
Which vaccine-preventable organism causes cough, lymph node enlargement and has a potential to occlude the airway?
corynebacterium diphtheriae
Boy visits grandparents in Wiltshire, comes back with 5 days of diarrhoea, no vomiting, and unexplained bruises all over body, which organism has most likely triggered this
E.coli 0157:H7
Natural antibodies against what can confer protective immunity against HIV?
HIV gp120
most common cause of cellulitis
streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
which enzyme involved in HIV DNA formation is error prone
reverse transcriptase
Which vector transmits Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense?
tsetse fly
Which of these is the most likely causative organism of a hospital acquired pneumonia?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
what is the most common cause of fever in the returning traveller?
malaria
antigen test for asperigillus
galactomannan
most likely organism in prosthetic joint infection
CoNS
Which viral infection has the feature of owl eye inclusions
CMV
Difference in presentation between dengue and typhoid
Dengue: high fever sudden onset; maculopapular rash; haemorrhagic manifestations; severe abdominal pain; low platelets; intense joint and muscle pain
Typhoid: gradual onset high fever; constipation; rose spots; systemically unwell
Which fungal infection requires systemic anti fungal
Tinea unguium
Which prion disease can be diagnosed with a tonsillar biopsy
Variant CJD
how is Q fever diagnosed
serology
treatment of Q fever
cipro or doxy
what can Q fever progress to
atypical pneumonia
ARDS
endocarditis
cause of endocarditis in IVDU
staph aureus
cause of endocarditis in someone with poor oral hygiene
streptococcus viridians
cause of endocarditis in someone with a prosthetic heart valve
CoNS i.e. epidermidis
most common cause of otitis media in children
strep pneumoniae
other: haemophilus influenzae; mortadella catarrhalis
how is listeriosis diagnosed
culture
bacterial infection associated with COPD
haemophilus influenza
bacterial infection associated with alcoholics
klebsiella
bacterial infection (pneumonia) associated with the elderly
klebsiella
