Mick

Question 1

Why do we see objects?

Answer 1

Light is reflected off an object, enters the eye and hits the retina. Special cells turn this into electrical signals to the brain.

Question 2

What is a CCD and how does it work?

Answer 2

Charged Couple Device- Turns light into electrical signals - these create pixels, each represent a value.

Photons to electrons. Electrons into voltage. Into Camera circuit board. Produces pixels values.

Question 3

Factors affecting IR detection plus description

Answer 3

Contrast 
Emissivity 
Radiometric Crossover
Density 
System Saturation

Question 4

DRI definition

Answer 4

Detection, recognition and Identification

Detection - The abilityto detectif there is some ‘thing’ vs nothing.
Recognition - The ability to recognize what type of thing it is (person, animal, car, etc.)
Identification - The ability to identify a specific individual from other people

Question 5

IR scarring types describe

Answer 5

Hot thermal scarring - Where a source of intense heat has left a hot scar on the image e.g. jet exhaust.

Cold thermal scarring - Where an object may have shielded the ground from warming e.g. where an aircraft has recently moved a cold outline may be left where the sun hasn’t been able to warm the ground.

Question 6

IR absorbers and how they affect picture

Answer 6

H2O, Ozone and CO2

Question 7

Different atmospheric windows, name and parameters?

Answer 7

PAW - Primary atmospheric window - 8-14

SAW - Secondary atmospheric window - 3-5

Question 8

GPS segments / name describe

Answer 8

Space
Control
User

Question 9

What is emissivity? Name an example of a material with a high and a material with a low emissivity.

Answer 9

Measure of effeciency in which a surface emits thermal energy.

Emissivity is a function of the type of material and its surface finish, and it can vary with wavelength and temperature.
Metal emissivity is low. Non-metal is high.

Question 10

What are the 3 modes of Data links transmissions and describe?

Answer 10

Point to point - Simplex, Duplex or Semi- Duplex.
Broadcast - Simplex.
Netted - Duplex.
Simplex - One way transmissions, broadcasts etc.
Duplex - 2 way simultaneous transmissions, telephone etc.
Semi- Duplex - 2 way non simultaneous transmissions, UHF radio.

Question 11

Stanag’s for both Data Links

Answer 11

Link 11 - 5511

Link 16 - 5516

Question 12

MGRS, what is it, what are the components?

Answer 12

Military Grid Reference System - 3 parts
GZD Grid Zone Designator (e.g. 41R)

100km Square ref. (2 letters)

Grid Reference. (2 to 10 numbers)
e.g. 41R NP 983014

Question 13

Different types of GEO reference systems, name and describe

Answer 13

MGRS - Military Grid Ref System
CGRS - Common Geographic Ref System
GARS - Global Area Ref System

Question 14

Three geographic terms we use in aviation?

Answer 14

Degree Minutes Seconds
Degrees Decimal Minutes
Decimal Degrees

Question 15

Four components architecture make up a data link system?

Answer 15

Sensor
Data Handling/Display
Crypto
Comms

Question 16

What is an MER/MEZ/ROZ?

Answer 16

MER - Maximum Engagement Range
The maximum distance from which the weapon can be fired while still consistently inflicting casualties/damage.

MEZ - Missile Engagement Zone - is an airspace of defined dimensions within which a missile can successfully engage a target. Often divided into high/low altitude.

ROZ - Restricted Operation Zone

Question 17

What are the two types of GPS inference and provide examples.

Answer 17

Intentional - Jamming, spoofing,

Unintentional - Broadcast TV &VHF Interference

Question 18

What Environmental factors affect IR detection and how?

Answer 18

Sun- Creates shadows and can dazzle.
Precipitation - scatters images and absorbs IR energy.
Cloud - Scatters light and blocks view.
Dust - Particles create obstruction to view and can absorb IR energy.
Fog - Scatters light and water particles absorb IR.

Question 19

What is Contrast Threshold?

Answer 19

Where 50% of observers can detect the target

Question 20

2 Sources of IR energy?

Answer 20

Passive and Active Radiation

Question 21

What is Radiant Flux?

And how is it calculated?

Answer 21

Amount of IR emmitted from an object

Question 22

What are the two types of Kill Box?

Answer 22

Blue - Air to surface fires without further coordination

Purple - As above plus integrates surface to surface indirect fires without further coordination

Question 23

What is a Kill Box?

Answer 23

Three dimensional Fire Support Coordination Measure used to facilitate air to surface attack.

Question 24

What is GARS?

Answer 24

Global Area Reference System. World divided in 30 min cells. Opposite of CGRS.

Question 25

What is FSCM?

Answer 25

Fire Support Coordination Measures

A defined area on the ground together with the airspace required for weapon trajectory.

Question 26

What is a Coordinated Fire Line?

Answer 26

A line beyond which conventional surface fire support means may fire at anytime without additional coordination.

Question 27

What is a Fire Support Coordination Line?

Answer 27

Provide a measure for coordination between ground elements and supporting forces without endangering friendly forces in the air or on the ground.

Question 28

Restrictive Airspace Measures include:

Answer 28

No Fire Area (no fires are allowed except if temp authed). Protect civilians/populated areas.
Restrictive Fire Area (Must coordinate in order to deliver weapons).