Mick Flashcards
Why do we see objects?
Light is reflected off an object, enters the eye and hits the retina. Special cells turn this into electrical signals to the brain.
What is a CCD and how does it work?
Charged Couple Device- Turns light into electrical signals - these create pixels, each represent a value.
Photons to electrons. Electrons into voltage. Into Camera circuit board. Produces pixels values.
Factors affecting IR detection plus description
Contrast Emissivity Radiometric Crossover Density System Saturation
DRI definition
Detection, recognition and Identification
Detection - The abilityto detectif there is some ‘thing’ vs nothing.
Recognition - The ability to recognize what type of thing it is (person, animal, car, etc.)
Identification - The ability to identify a specific individual from other people
IR scarring types describe
Hot thermal scarring - Where a source of intense heat has left a hot scar on the image e.g. jet exhaust.
Cold thermal scarring - Where an object may have shielded the ground from warming e.g. where an aircraft has recently moved a cold outline may be left where the sun hasn’t been able to warm the ground.
IR absorbers and how they affect picture
H2O, Ozone and CO2
Different atmospheric windows, name and parameters?
PAW - Primary atmospheric window - 8-14
SAW - Secondary atmospheric window - 3-5
GPS segments / name describe
Space
Control
User
What is emissivity? Name an example of a material with a high and a material with a low emissivity.
Measure of effeciency in which a surface emits thermal energy.
Emissivity is a function of the type of material and its surface finish, and it can vary with wavelength and temperature.
Metal emissivity is low. Non-metal is high.
What are the 3 modes of Data links transmissions and describe?
Point to point - Simplex, Duplex or Semi- Duplex.
Broadcast - Simplex.
Netted - Duplex.
Simplex - One way transmissions, broadcasts etc.
Duplex - 2 way simultaneous transmissions, telephone etc.
Semi- Duplex - 2 way non simultaneous transmissions, UHF radio.
Stanag’s for both Data Links
Link 11 - 5511
Link 16 - 5516
MGRS, what is it, what are the components?
Military Grid Reference System - 3 parts
GZD Grid Zone Designator (e.g. 41R)
100km Square ref. (2 letters)
Grid Reference. (2 to 10 numbers)
e.g. 41R NP 983014
Different types of GEO reference systems, name and describe
MGRS - Military Grid Ref System
CGRS - Common Geographic Ref System
GARS - Global Area Ref System
Three geographic terms we use in aviation?
Degree Minutes Seconds
Degrees Decimal Minutes
Decimal Degrees
Four components architecture make up a data link system?
Sensor
Data Handling/Display
Crypto
Comms
What is an MER/MEZ/ROZ?
MER - Maximum Engagement Range
The maximum distance from which the weapon can be fired while still consistently inflicting casualties/damage.
MEZ - Missile Engagement Zone - is an airspace of defined dimensions within which a missile can successfully engage a target. Often divided into high/low altitude.
ROZ - Restricted Operation Zone
What are the two types of GPS inference and provide examples.
Intentional - Jamming, spoofing,
Unintentional - Broadcast TV &VHF Interference
What Environmental factors affect IR detection and how?
Sun- Creates shadows and can dazzle.
Precipitation - scatters images and absorbs IR energy.
Cloud - Scatters light and blocks view.
Dust - Particles create obstruction to view and can absorb IR energy.
Fog - Scatters light and water particles absorb IR.
What is Contrast Threshold?
Where 50% of observers can detect the target
2 Sources of IR energy?
Passive and Active Radiation
What is Radiant Flux?
And how is it calculated?
Amount of IR emmitted from an object
What are the two types of Kill Box?
Blue - Air to surface fires without further coordination
Purple - As above plus integrates surface to surface indirect fires without further coordination
What is a Kill Box?
Three dimensional Fire Support Coordination Measure used to facilitate air to surface attack.
What is GARS?
Global Area Reference System. World divided in 30 min cells. Opposite of CGRS.
What is FSCM?
Fire Support Coordination Measures
A defined area on the ground together with the airspace required for weapon trajectory.
What is a Coordinated Fire Line?
A line beyond which conventional surface fire support means may fire at anytime without additional coordination.
What is a Fire Support Coordination Line?
Provide a measure for coordination between ground elements and supporting forces without endangering friendly forces in the air or on the ground.
Restrictive Airspace Measures include:
No Fire Area (no fires are allowed except if temp authed). Protect civilians/populated areas.
Restrictive Fire Area (Must coordinate in order to deliver weapons).
