MGT 340 midterm Flashcards
MGT340 Midterm Study Guide
Terms to study.
corporate culture
A set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems that members (employees) of an organization share
institutional theory.
theory that organizations operate according to taken-for-granted institutional norms and rules
组织根据公认的制度规范和规则运作的理论
normative approach
How organizational decision makers should approach an issue
ethical culture
Acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry. Organizational principles, values, and norms that are adhered to by the company and its personnel.
significant other
Those who have influence in a work group, including peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates
obedience to authority
A reason employees resolve business ethics issues by simply following the directives of a superior
opportunity (ch.5)
The conditions in an organization that limit or permit ethical or unethical behavior
instrumental concern
focuses on positive outcomes, including firm profitability and benefits to society
institutional theory
theory that organizations operate according to taken-for-granted institutional norms and rules
veil or ignorance
a thought experiment that examined how individuals would formulate principles if they did not know what their future position in society would be
equality principle
states that each person has basic rights that are compatible to the basic liberties of others
difference principle
states that economic and social equalities or inequalities should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society
locus of control
To individual differences in relation to a generalized belief about how you are affected by internal versus external events or reinforcements
Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations Institutionalization of ethics
Approved by Congress in November 1991, set the tone for organizational ethical compliance programs in the 1990s
Relativist perspective (study each within) Evaluates ethicalness subjectively on the basis of individual and group experiences.
• Descriptive relativism: Relates to observations of other cultures. Different cultures exhibit
different norms, customs, and values, but these observations say nothing about the higher
questions of ethical justification.
• Meta-ethical relativism: People naturally see situations from their own perspectives, meaning
there is no objective way of resolving ethical disputes between different value systems and
individuals.
• Normative relativism: Assumes one person’s opinion is as good as another’s.
Kohlberg’s Model of Cognitive Development
Theory in which people make different decisions in similar ethical situations because they are in different moral development stages.
Cognitive Moral Development and Limitations
• Stage 1: Punishment and obedience: Right and wrong are not connected with any higher
order or philosophy but rather with a person who has power.
• Stage 2: Individual instrumental purpose and exchange: Right is what serves his or her own
needs. Individuals evaluate behavior on the basis of its fairness to them.
• Stage 3: Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity: Emphasize the
interests of others rather than simply those of themselves, although ethical motivation is still derived from obedience to rules.
• Stage 4: Social system and conscience maintenance: Determine what is right by considering
their duty to society, not just to certain other people. Duty, respect for authority, and the maintenance of the social order become the focal points at this stage
• Stage 5: Prior rights, social contract, or utility: Individuals are concerned with upholding the basic rights, values, and legal contracts of society. Individuals feel a sense of obligation or commitment to other groups and recognize that in some cases legal and moral points of view may conflict.
• Stage 6: Universal ethical principles: Right is determined by universal ethical principles everyone should follow. People have certain inalienable rights that are universal in nature and consequence. These rights, laws, or social agreements are valid not because of a particular society’s laws or customs, but because they rest on the premise of universality
Teleology (study all)
Refers to moral philosophies in which an act is considered morally right or acceptable if it produces some desired result, such as pleasure, knowledge, career growth, the realization of self-interest, utility, wealth, or even fame
Teleology: Acts are morally right or acceptable if they produce some desired result, such as
realization of self-interest or utility.
- Utilitarianism: Defines right or acceptable actions as those that maximize total utility, or the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
- Rule utilitarianism: Determines behavior on the basisof principles or rules designed to promote the greatest utility, rather than on individual examinations of each situation they encounter.
- Act utilitarianism: Examine specific actions, rather than the general rules governing them, to assess whether they will result in the greatest utility.
Deontology (study all)
Deontology: Focuses on the preservation of individual rights and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than on its consequences.
• Regard certain behaviors as inherently right as defined by self or extraterrestrial.
• Nonconsequentialism: A system of ethics based on respect for persons. (Another reference for deontology.)
Tips: • Obligation theories: Emphasize the means and motives by which actions are justified (Teleology and Deontology).
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The most far-reaching change in organizational control and accounting regulations since the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, which made securities fraud a criminal offense and stiffened penalties for corporate fraud
Dodd-Frank (Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act)
Addressed some of the issues related to the financial crisis and recession and designed to make the financial services industry more ethical and responsible
Civil Law vs. Criminal Law
Mandated Requirements for Legal Compliance
• Laws and regulations established by governments toset minimum standards for responsible behavior—society’s codification of what is right and wrong.
• Civil law: Defines the rights and duties of individuals and organizations (including businesses).
• Criminal law: Prohibits specific actions (fraud, theft, or securities trading violations) and imposes fines or imprisonment as punishment for breaking the law.
Types of marketing fraud
• Marketing fraud: Dishonestly creating, distributing, promoting, and pricing products.
• Puffery: Exaggerated advertising, blustering, and boasting upon which no reasonable buyer would rely upon and is not actionable under the Lanham Act.
• Implied falsity: The message has a tendency to mislead, confuse, or deceive the public.
• Literally true but imply a false message.
• Literally false
• Tests prove (establishment claims): Advertisement cites a study or test that establishes the claim.
• Bald assertions (nonestablishment claims): Advertisement makes a claim that cannot be
substantiated.
• Labeling Issues
• Kroger agreed to remove “raised in a humane environment” from its packages of chicken.
Corporate intelligence
The collection and analysis of information on markets, technologies, customers, and competitors, as well as on socioeconomic and external political trends
• Three types:
• Passive monitoring system for early warning.
• Tactical field support.
• Support dedicated to top-management strategy.
Ways to steal corporate trade secrets
Hacking
Definition:
Breaking into a computer network to steal information
System hacking: Assumes the attacker already has access to a low-level, privileged-user account
Remote hacking: Involves attempting to remotely penetrate a system across the Internet
Physical hacking: Requires the hacker to enter a facility physically and find a vacant unsecured workstation with an employee’s login and password
Social engineering: Tricking individuals into revealing their passwords or other valuable corporate information
Shoulder surfing: Someone simply looks over an employee’s shoulder while he or she types a password
Password guessing: When an employee is able to guess a person’s password after finding out personal information about him or her
Dumpster diving: Digging through trash to find trade secrets
Whacking: Using wireless hacking to break into a network
Phone eavesdropping: Using a digital recording device to monitor and record a fax line
Intellectual property rights
The legal protection of intellectual property such as music, books, and movies
• Copyright Act of 1976
• Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998
• Digital Theft Deterrence and Copyright Damages
Improvement Act of 1999
The Ticket to Work and Work Incentives Improvement Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-170) was signed into law to increase the options for individuals with disabilities who wished to return to work.
Abusive or intimidating behavior
Actions such as physical threats, false accusations, andyelling. Meaning differs from person to person.
• Bullying: Creates hostile environment. Workplacebullying is strongly associated with sleep
disturbances, as well as depression, fatigue, increased sick days, and stomach problems.
Discrimination
On the basis of race, color, religion, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, public assistance status, disability, age, national origin, or veteran status is illegal in the United States.
• Discrimination on the basis of political opinions or affiliation with a union is defined as harassment.
Ethical issue vs. ethical dilemma
ethical issue: A problem, situation, or opportunity that requires an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that must be evaluated as right or wrong, ethical or unethical
ethical dilemma: Is a problem, situation, or opportunity that requires an individual, group, or organization to choose among several actions that have negative outcomes
stakeholder interaction model:
This approach recognizes other stakeholders and explicitly acknowledges that dialogue exists between a firm’s internal and external environments
• Reciprocal relationships between the firm and a host of stakeholders.
• Recognizes other stakeholders; explicitly acknowledges dialogue exists between a firm’s
internal and external environments
Stakeholder model of corporate governance
A broader view of the purpose of business that considers stakeholder welfare in tandem (一前一后) with corporate needs and interests
stakeholder orientation
• Activities to address stakeholder demands:
1. Organization-wide generation of data about stakeholder groups and assessment of the firm’s
effects on these groups;
2. Distribution of this information throughout the firm; and
3. Responsiveness of the organization as a whole to this information.
Interlocking directorate
• Interlocking directorate: Board members linked to more than one company. The concept of board members being linked to more than one company
procompetitive legislation
Laws have been passed to prevent the establishment of monopolies, inequitable pricing practices, and other practices that reduce or restrict competition among businesses
consumer protection law
Laws that protect consumers require businesses to provide accurate information about their goods and services and follow safety standards
Ethical culture
Reflects the integrity of decisions made and is a function of many factors, including corporate policies, top management’s leadership on ethical issues, the influence of coworkers, and the opportunity for unethical behavior
Acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry. Organizational principles, values, and norms that are adhered to by the company and its personnel.
Elements of an Ethical Culture
Culture < (Value, Norms, Artifacts, Behavior) < (Voluntary Actions, Governance, Core Practices, Legal compliance)
global compact
set of 10 principles concerning human rights, labor, the environment, and anti-corruption; the purpose is to create openness and alignment among business, government, society, labor, and the United Nations
Consumers’ Bill of Rights
From President John F. Kennedy’s 1962 “Special Message on Protecting the Consumer Interest” that outlined four basic consumer rights: the right to safety, the right to be informed, the right to choose, and the right to be heard
Morals, principles, values ?????????
Morals: A person’s personal philosophies about what is right or wrong. Personal philosophies that define right and wrong.
Implementing Principles and CoreValues in Ethical Decision Making
• John Rawls: Believed justice principles were beliefs that everyone could accept.
• Veil of ignorance by Rawls: Examined how individuals would formulate principles if they
were uncertain about their future position in society.
• Principles of justice by Rawls
• Liberty principle (equality principle): Each person has basic rights that are compatible to the basic liberties of others.
• Difference principle: Economic and social equalities (or inequalities) should be arranged to
provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society.
value dilemma
two or more beliefs/ideals in conflict with one another
moral dilemma
two or morals in conflict with one another
Corporate social responsibility
An organization’s obligation to maximize its positive impact on stakeholders and minimize its negative impact
Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct
Developed to guide corporate support for ethical conduct
- Describe the Federal Sentence Guidelines for Organizations, how it has evolved, and its role in businesses. Include an example.
Approved by Congress in November 1991, set the tone for organizational ethical compliance programs in the 1990sThe Federal Sentencing Guidelines are guidelines that judges consider when determining an appropriate sentence for someone who has been convicted of a federal crime. The Guidelines use a combination of the severity of the crime and a person’s criminal history to calculate a suggested sentencing range. - Describe institutional theory and the role of normative values. Give an example.
Institutional theory is the theory that operates according to taken-for-granted institutional norms and rules. Normative values are influenced and created by religion, government, and education. Some also say these values come from family and friends as well, but it depends on which organization or institution on which values they hold the highest. They face certain pressures to act a certain way and they can be internal or external. Institutions are split into three categories: political, economic, and social. For example, in the political institution you have a law business. They would consider the right to free speech as one of their top ideals because that is the world they work in.(Jasmine Moon) - Describe normative approaches to ethical decision making and how the approaches differ from the descriptive approach. Give an example.
Normative approaches to ethical decision making are how people should act. Whereas descriptive approaches to ethical decision making are what people think are correct. These two differ because the normative approach looks to almost set the moral standards while the descriptive approach analyzes a person’s moral values. An example of the normative approach would be knowing that it is wrong to physically harm an individual if they anger you. An example of the descriptive approach would be Kohlberg’s research in regards to the Heinz dilemma because he was concerned about the moral reasoning that respondents provided to the case and what they believed to be the correct thing. (Sydney Richardson) - Describe the difference between ethical culture and corporate culture. Given an example.
The ethical culture is an acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry. Organizational principles, values, and norms that are adhered to by the company and its personnel. But the corporate culture is a set of values, norms, and artifacts, including ways of solving problems that members (employees) of an organization share. The example of ethical culture are the individual’s behaviors in the workplace; the organization’s code of conduct etc. The corporate culture’s example would be shown in a company mission or vision statement. Take Starbucks as an example, they want to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time.(Jianrui Wang) - Describe John Rawls’ contribution to business ethics including the veil or ignorance, the equality principle, and the difference principle.
• John Rawls: Believed justice principles were beliefs that everyone could accept.
• Veil of ignorance by Rawls: Examined how individuals would formulate principles if they
were uncertain about their future position in society.
• Principles of justice by Rawls
• Liberty principle (equality principle): Each person has basic rights that are compatible to the basic liberties of others.
• Difference principle: Economic and social equalities (or inequalities) should be arranged to
provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society.
midterm pre
corporate culture
The term ethical culture is associated with all of the following except _____.
a. acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry
SL b. maximizing profits and placing shareholder’s first
c. positively related to workplace confrontation over ethics issues, reports to management of observed misconduct, and the presence of ethics hotlines
d. the component of corporate culture that captures the values and norms an organization defines and is compared to by its industry as appropriate conduct
e. culture that creates shared values and support for ethical decisions and is driven by the ethical leadership of top management
The ethical component of a corporate culture relates to the values, beliefs, and established and enforced patterns of conduct that employees use to identify and respond to ethical issues.
SL a. True
b. False
Elena, an employee at ABC Marketing, has observed misconduct at work and wonders if she should report it. In the end, she decides not to do so because of the possible repercussions at work. Which of the following has determined the Elena's action? a. corporate culture b. opportunity SL c. organization factors d. individual factors e. control issues
Which of the following statements best describes an opportunity?
a. organizational factors
SL b. the conditions in an organization that limit or permit ethical or unethical behavior
c. a reflection of whether the firm has an ethical conscience
d. how easy it is to pilfer office supplies from one’s workplace
e. a corporate culture
A corporate culture can be defined as ______.
a. a set of rules that some employees agree to obey
b. the perceived importance of an ethical issue to the government
SL c. a set of values, beliefs, goals, norms, and ways to solve problems that employees of an organization share
d. the working environment in the executive suite
e. the interpersonal relationships in the organization
Management and business studies related to nationality and the practice of making ethical decisions
a.
suggests that corporations pay a lot of attention to such research.
b. suggests that the influence of nationality on corporate culture is growing. c. suggests that organizations should be very concerned about an employee's nationality. d. shows no relationship between the two.
SL e.
is hard to interpret in a business context because of cultural differences.
Descriptive approach Which approach to stakeholder theory focuses on the actual behavior of the firm and usually addresses how decisions and strategies are made for stakeholder relationships. SL a. Descriptive approach b. Normative approach c. Strategic decision making approach d. Control approach e. Instrumental approach
ethical culture
Many studies have found a positive relationship between which of the following?
a. high levels of government regulation and cultural values
b. unmotivated employees and good business performance
c. apathetic boards of directors and an ethical culture
SL d. an ethical culture and good business performance
e. high cultural values and low industry competition
T/F
An ethical culture is based upon the norms and values of the company.
T
significant other Groups that influence and/or are affected by a company and that neither engage in economic exchanges with the firm nor are fundamental to its daily survival are collectively called \_\_\_\_\_. a. primary stakeholders b. market constituents c. community organizations SL d. secondary stakeholders e. significant others
As a person lives more life and moves through various life stages, Kohlberg’s model of development suggests __________________
SL a.
may change his/her cognitive moral development and behavior.
b. will experience less opportunity to behave unethically. c. is unlikely to change his/her values and ethical behavior. d. will likely be promoted. e. will depend more on the input of significant others in ethical decision making.
Those who have influence in a work group, including peers, managers, coworkers, and subordinates, are referred to as significant others. Which of the following is supported by research concerning significant others?
a. Significant others within an organization may have less of an impact on a worker’s decisions than gender.
b. Significant others within an organization have little impact on a worker’s decisions.
c. Significant others within an organization have no impact on a worker’s decisions.
d. Significant others within an organization have more impact on a worker’s decisions on a daily basis than any other factor.
SL e. Significant others within an organization may have more impact on a worker’s decisions on a daily basis than any other factor.
obedience to authority The relevance or importance of an ethical issue in the eyes of the individual, work group, and/or organization is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_. a. moral intensity b. locus of control c. obedience to authority d. opportunity SL e. ethical issue intensity
When ethical instructions are given by a higher up, the choice to follow those instructions is called
a.
moral intensity.
b. gender.
SL c.
obedience to authority.
d. ethical issue intensity. e. an internal locus of control.
In the workplace, individuals who think their actions influence their life’s circumstances have a(n)不确定
a.
external locus of control.
SL b.
internal locus of control.
c. moral intensity d. obedience to authority e. opportunity
In Kohlberg’s model, the stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity (stage 3) differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange (stage 2) in terms of the individual’s motives in
a.
maintaining obedience to authority.
b. upholding the basic values of society. c. maintaining the social order. d. considering duty to society.
SL e.
considering fairness to others.
opportunity Which of the following is NOT a factor in the ethical decision-making model? a. organizational factors SL b. employee benefits packages c. opportunity d. ethical issue intensity e. individual factors
\_\_\_\_\_ involves the conditions for encouraging or limiting ethical behavior in an organization through rewards for ethical behavior or failing to prohibit unethical behavior. a. Punishment b. Regulation c. Locus of Control d. Governance SL e. Opportunity
veil or ignorance
Rawls used what he called the veil of ignorance which led him to develop ______.
a. the difference principle which states that each person has basic rights that are compatible to the basic liberties of others
b. five main principles of justice
c. the equality principle in that economic and social equalities (or inequalities) should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society
SL d. the difference principle in that economic and social equalities (or inequalities) should be arranged to provide the most benefit to the least-advantaged members of society
e. the Constitution principle
locus of control Individual differences in relation to a generalized belief about how one is affected by internal versus external events or reinforcements is known as \_\_\_\_\_\_. a. morality beliefs b. internal control c. external control d. moral intensity SL e. locus of control
Much research is conducted on topics related to locus of control. One such study discovered that people displaying characteristics of external control had improved ethical decision making, compared to those with internal control
True
SL False
Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations Institutionalization of ethics
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act was passed to provide oversight of _____.
a. federal sentencing guidelines’ compliance requirements
b. nonprofit organizations’ governance practices
c. price discrimination practices
SL d. corporate accounting practices
e. corporate environmental practices
What does the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (FSGO) focus on?
a. background checks on employees and other agents
b. improving the quality of life for employees and communities
c. schemes by top management to hide losses and other performance problems
d. penalties for companies convicted of restraint of trade charges
SL e. encouraging ethical and legal compliance by reducing penalties for firms with effective compliance programs
Choose the answer that best reflects incentives for a company to create core practices to ensure ethical and legal compliance?
a.
Department of Justice, Dodd-Frank Act, and Sarbanes-Oxley Act
b. Food and Drug Administration, Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations, and Sarbanes-Oxley Act
SL c.
Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and Dodd-Frank Act
d. Department of Justice, Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and Open Compliance Ethics Group e. Securities and Exchange Commission and Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Relativist perspective
Teleology is a philosophy that states that _______.
a. moral rightness or acceptability is defined in terms of consequences for the individual
b. it is not possible to get too much of a good thing
c. people decide what is legal or illegal
d. a relativist perspective will lead to career growth
SL e. an act is morally right or acceptable if it produces a desired result
The types of moral philosophy discussed in the text include _______.
a. teleology, utility, relativist perspective, virtue ethics, and deontology
SL b. teleology, deontology, relativist perspective, virtue ethics, and justice
c. teleology, self-interest, relativist perspective, virtue ethics, and justice
d. teleology, utility, relativist perspective, virtue ethics, and justice
e. teleology, self-interest, relativist perspective, virtue ethics, and career growth
Which of the following is a correct statement?
a. Distributive justice is based on the processes and activities that produce the best outcome or results.
b. According to the relativist perspective, definitions of ethical behavior are derived objectively.
c. Interactional justice is based on the evaluation of outcomes or results of the business relationship.
d. Procedural justice is based on an evaluation of the communication process used in the business relationship.
SL e. A moral virtue represents an acquired disposition that is valued as a part of an individual’s character.
The Golden Rule and Kant’s categorical imperative are associated with which moral philosophy?
a.
Egoism
b. Utilitarianism c. Teleology d. The relativist perspective
SL e.
Deontology
Kohlberg’s Model of Cognitive Development
As Chapter Five explains, there are many factors that influence an individual’s behavior. Despite intentions to act a certain way and do the right thing, ____________ can affect a person’s intent. 这题不会
a. the desire for financial gain b. familial expectations c. religious beliefs d. cognitive dissonance
SL e.
organizational or social forces
_____________ is the final stage of cognitive moral development, according to Lawrence Kohlberg.
SL a. The stage of universal ethical principles
b. The stage of punishment and obedience
c. The stage of social system and conscience maintenance
d. The stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange
e. The stage of prior rights, social contract, or utility
According to Kohlberg’s model of cognitive moral development, different individuals make different decisions in similar ethical situations because _______.
a. no one wants to be the same as others
b. they have different personalities
c. they are influenced by different family values
SL d. they are in different stages of cognitive moral development
e. they are of different ages
In Kohlberg’s stages of cognitive moral development, what is the last stage?
a.
Individual instrumental purpose and exchange
b. Need achievement c. Social system and conscience maintenance
SL d.
Universal ethical principles
e. Punishment and obedience
As a person lives more life and moves through various life stages, Kohlberg’s model of development suggests __________________
SL a.
may change his/her cognitive moral development and behavior.
With Kohlberg’s CMD (cognitive moral development) model, the six stages can be categorized into three levels of ethical concerns. When an indidual is at the 2nd level ______________
a. see beyond the norms, laws, and authority of groups or individuals.
SL b. define right as that which conforms to the expectations of good behavior of the larger society.
c. are concerned with their long-term interests and with internal rewards and punishments.
d. are unethical.
e. are concerned with their immediate interests and with external rewards and punishments.
Kohlberg’s theory of CMD (cognitive moaral development) is considered by some to be problematic because ________________
SL a. The original theory was transferred from children to adults.
b. All of the moral philosophies are regarded as equal to one another.
c. It can only apply to those with a deontological perspective.
d. The theory has little reliability or validity.
e. It assumes that very few adults ever reach stage 6.
Teleology This philosophy evaluates ethicalness subjectively on the basis of individual and group experiences \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. teleology SL b. relativism c. utilitarianism d. deontology e. egoism
This philosophy focuses on the preservation of individual rights and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than on its consequences \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a. egoism b. utilitarianism c. teleology SL d. deontology e. relativism
This philosophy defines right or acceptable actions as those that maximize total utility, or the greatest good for the greatest number of people _______.
SL a. utilitarianism
b. deontology
c. relativism
d. teleology
e. egoism
Teleology is a philosophy that states that _______.
a. moral rightness or acceptability is defined in terms of consequences for the individual
b. it is not possible to get too much of a good thing
c. people decide what is legal or illegal
d. a relativist perspective will lead to career growth
SL e. an act is morally right or acceptable if it produces a desired result
The types of moral philosophy discussed in the text include _______.
b. teleology, deontology, relativist perspective, virtue ethics, and justice
This philosophy defines good or respectable behavior as those that maximize a particular person’s self-interest as defined by the individual.
a.
Teleology
b. Utilitarianism
SL c.
Egoism
d. Deontology e. Relativism
The Golden Rule and Kant’s categorical imperative are associated with which moral philosophy?
e.
Deontology
As time passes, an action or behavior may come to be seen as unethical according to this philosophy.
SL a.
The relativist perspective 人们会改变他们思想，viewpoint is from person to person
b. Deontology c. Rule deontology d. Egoism e. Teleology
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Many consumers losts their homes during the great recession or financial crisis of 2007. As a response to that time, _______________________ was passed into law.
a. Environmental Protection Agency b. World Bank
SL c.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
d. World Trade Organization e. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
The broadest financial overhaul of the regulatory system since the Great Despression（1930） is known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. SUMMER 2020
True
SL False
Dodd-Frank
A payment made to obtain or retain business and is not considered a bribe within the United States is defined as _____.
a. active bribery
SL b. facilitation
c. illegal under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
d. passive bribery
e. illegal under the Dodd-Frank Act
The _____ was called “a sweeping overhaul of the financial regulatory system…on a scale not seen since the reforms that followed the Great Depression.”
SL a.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
b. Age Discrimination in Employment Act c. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act d. Americans with Disabilities Act e. Equal Pay Act
Which of the following is derived from precedents established by judges? a. Administrative Law b. Statutory Law c. Constitutional Law d. Civil Law SL e. Common Law
Criminal Law \_\_\_\_\_ impose(s) fines or imprisonment as punishment for breaking the law. SL a. Criminal law b. International guidelines c. The honor system d. Voluntary compliance \_\_\_\_\_ is exaggerated advertising, blustering, and boasting upon which no reasonable buyer would rely. a. Lying b. Fraud c. Dishonesty SL d. Puffery e. Implied Falsity A(n) \_\_\_\_\_ exists when an individual must choose whether to advance his or her own interests, those of the organization, or those of some other group. a. ethical dilemma b. facilitation payment c. discrimination situation SL d. conflict of interest e. corporate intelligence
Abusive or intimidating behavior
Abusive or intimidating behavior _____.
a. relates only to profanity
b. does not relate to ignoring someone
c. is a problem but is clearly defined by the legal system
SL d. can differ from person to person
e. does not need “intent” as a consideration
Discrimination Discrimination on the basis of all but which of the following is defined as harassment? a. marital status b. age SL c. years of experience d. gender e. national origin
ethical issue
The ethical component of a corporate culture relates to the values, beliefs, and established and enforced patterns of conduct that employees use to identify and respond to ethical issues.
SL a. True
b. False
An ethical organizational culture requires_____ and _____ to establish an ethics program and monitor the complex ethical decisions being made by employees.
SL a.
shared values; proper oversight
b. ethical issue intensity; ethics training c. individual ethics; ethical issue intensity d. employee evaluations; good intentions e. organizational factors; individual factors
ethical dilemma An organization's obligation to maximize its positive impact on stakeholders and to minimize its negative impact refers to its \_\_\_\_\_. a. moral justice b. regulation mandate c. ethical dilemma d. consumerism e. social responsibility
quiz
Within a company itself, the values of the workplace can have a greater degree of importance on a decision than an individual’s own set of morals and values.
SL True
False
There may be a greater probability that organizations will cut corners when margins are low. This can happen because of high levels of ___________________.
错的
a.
Cooperation
b. Profit
SL c.
Loss
d. Competition e. Return
When a company’s program of ethics is based on _______________, the program leads to greater successes than others focused strictly on following laws or federal compliance initiatives.
错的
SL a.
principles
b. customer c. values d. political e. social
