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MGT 301 > MGT 301 Exam 1 (chap 1-5) > Flashcards

MGT 301 Exam 1 (chap 1-5) Flashcards

1
Q

Fredrick Winslow Taylor

A

-American, Used scientific method to increase productivity/efficiency.
-Created Scientific Management=investment in tools(shovels). Strengths= increases productivity
Weakness= greater demand on MGR for coordination, have to fire people(microecon)-people hated it.
-Stopped being used in 1930, but was renamed “management science” after Pearl Harbor

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2
Q

Frank Gilbreth

A
  • Used scientific management & tripled productivity in masonry (building)
  • Expert in time and motion studies
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3
Q

Hawthorne effect

A

Employees work harder if they receive added attention

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4
Q

Human relations movement

A

Proposed that better human relations could increase worker productivity- Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor

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5
Q

Organization

A

Group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose

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6
Q

Management

A

Pursuit of organizational goals effectively and efficiently, by integrating the work of people through planning organizing, leading, and controlling

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7
Q

Efficiency-the means

A

Use resources wisely and cost effectively

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8
Q

Effectiveness-the ends

A

To achieve results, make right decisions, carry them through, meet goals.

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9
Q

Management process- 4 management functions

A

Planning- set goals
Organizing-arrange task to accomplish goal
Leading-motivate, direct to achieve goal
Controlling- monitors performance, take action as needed

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10
Q

E-commerce

A

Buying and selling of goods or services over computer

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11
Q

Database

A

Computerized collections of interrelated files

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12
Q

Cloud computing

A

Storing of software and data “in the cloud”

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13
Q

Project management software

A

Programs for planning and scheduling the people costs and resources to complete project on time

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14
Q

Knowledge management

A

Implementing of systems and practices to increase the sharing of knowledge and information throughout an organization

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15
Q

Collaborative computing

A

Using state of the art computer software to help people work better together

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16
Q

Sustainability

A

Economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising future generations to meet their needs.

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17
Q

_______ managers make long-term decisions about overall direction of org and establish the objective policies and strategies of it

A

Top managers

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18
Q

____ managers implement the policies and plans

A

Middle managers

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19
Q

____ managers make short term operating decisions, daily tasks

A

First line managers

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20
Q

Functional manager

A

Responsible for one organizational activity

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21
Q

General managers

A

Responsible for several organizational activities

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22
Q

Technical skills

A

Job specific knowledge

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23
Q

Conceptual skills

A

Ability to think analytically

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24
Q

Soft skills

A

Ability to motivate, inspire trust, etc

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25
Q

Interpersonal role

A

Managers work with people inside and outside their work units

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26
Q

Informational role

A

Mangers receive and communicate information

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27
Q

Decisional roles

A

Use info to make decisions to solve problems

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28
Q

Historical perspective includes three viewpoints

A

Classical, behavioral, and quantitative

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29
Q

Contemporary perspective includes three viewpoints

A

Systems contingency and quality management pg 44

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30
Q

Scientific management

A

Scientific study of work methods to improve productivity of individual workers pg 45

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31
Q

Henri Fayol

Thought MGRs should do five things

A

French, socialism

  1. Planning and forecasting
  2. Organizing
  3. Coordinate
  4. Control
  5. Command
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32
Q

Division of work (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Work should be divided among people to ensure that effort and attention are focused on special positions of the task.

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33
Q

Authority- (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Right to give orders and the power to exact obedience

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34
Q

Discipline (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Penalties should be applied judicially to encourage common effort of workers.

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35
Q

Unity of command (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Workers should receive orders from only one manager

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36
Q

Unity of direction (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Entire Org should be moving towards common objective.

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37
Q

Subordination of individual interests to the given general interests (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Interest of one person should not take priority over organizational interests.

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38
Q

Remuneration (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Many variables to consider when determining workers rate of pay (cost of living)

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39
Q

Centralization (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Lowering the importance of the subordinate role. Decentralization is increasing the importance.

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40
Q

Scalar chain (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Managers in hierarchies have certain amount of authority

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41
Q

Order (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

All material and people should be related to a specific kind of work should be treated as equally as possible

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42
Q

Equity (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

All employees should be treated as equally as possible

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43
Q

Stability of tenure of personal (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Job security

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44
Q

Initiative (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Management should encourage worker initiative

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45
Q

Espirit de corps (Henri Fayol-14 principals)

A

Management should encourage harmony and good feelings, team spirit

46
Q

Max Weber

A

German, 1864-1920. Sociologist (study groups of people)
- studied German government
Studied Roman Catholic Church

47
Q

Quantitative management

A

Statistics and computer simulations. Two branches: quantitative management(operations management) and management science

48
Q

Management science

A

Also known as “operations research”. Uses mathematics to aid in problem solving

49
Q

Operations management

A

Focuses on managing the production and delivery of orgs products or services more effectively

50
Q

System

A

Set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve common purpose

51
Q

Systems viewpoint

A

Regards organization as a system of interrelated parts

52
Q

Subsystems

A

Parts making up the whole system

53
Q

4 parts of a system

A

Inputs- people, money, materials to make goods/services
Transformational process- internal processes/technology to covert input to output
Outputs-products produced by org
Feedback- info of reaction to outputs that affect inputs

54
Q

Synergy

A

Idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of individual effects

55
Q

Contingency viewpoint

A

Managers approach should vary based on the individual and environment situation

56
Q

Internal stakeholders

A

Consists of employees owners and board of directors

57
Q

General environment/macroenvironment includes six forces (pg 82)

A

Economic, technical, sociocultural, demographic, political-legal, and international.

58
Q

_____ governance, the system of governing a company so that the interests of corporate owners and other stakeholders are protected.

A

Corporate governance

59
Q

______, the trend of world economy toward becoming a more interdependent system.

A

Globalization

60
Q

______ ______ refers to the “shrinking” of time and space as air travel and the electronic media have made it easier for people around the globe to communicate with one another.

A

Global village

61
Q

_______ _______ tendency of economies of the world to interact together as one market instead of many small national markets.

A

Global economy

62
Q

Multinational corporation

A

A business firm with operations in several countries (wal mart , chevron)

63
Q

Multinational organization

A

Nonprofit organization with operations in several countries (Red Cross, world health organization)

64
Q

Ethnocentric managers believe…

A

That their native country is superior to all others.

65
Q

Parochialism(-ethnocentric)believe…

A

Narrow view, see things solely on through their own perspective

66
Q

Polycentric managers

A

Take the view of native managers in foreign offices as best, and home office should leave them alone

67
Q

Geocentric managers

A

Accept that there are differences and similarities between home and foreign personal and practices, and use whatever techniques are most effective

68
Q

______ is a trade barrier in the form of a customs duty, or tax, levied mainly on imports

A

Tariffs

69
Q

Dumping

A

Foreign companies exporting products abroad at lower price than the home market, in order to drive down the price of domestic products.

70
Q

Embargo

A

A complete ban or prohibition of trade of one country with another

71
Q

World trade organization (WTO)

A

Designed to monitor and enforce trade agreements

72
Q

World bank

A

Provide low interest loans to developing nations

73
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

Designed to assist in smoothing the flow of money between nation

74
Q

Trading bloc

A

Also known as economic community, group of nations within a geographical region that have agreed to remove trade barriers with one another

75
Q

_______Trade agreement among 12 pacific rim countries

A

Trans-pacific partnership, US, Australia, china, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam

76
Q

Charismatic organization (types of organizations)

A

Has Charismatic leaders, that are friendly outgoing good communicator. Ex. Obama, Martin Luther king jr.

  • strength:org is committed to leader=high performance
  • weakness: only as effective as leader, or leader leaves the organization falls apart
77
Q

Traditional organization (types of organizations)

A

Strength: stability , traditions they maintain
Weakness: slow to charge (to slow)

78
Q

Rational legal organization (types of organizations)

A

Strength: effective achieving your goals

Ratio= outcomes & efficient(maximize)/inputs(minimize)

79
Q

North American free trade agreement (NAFTA)

A

Trading block consisting of the us, Canada, and Mexico.

80
Q

Low-context culture

A

Which is shared meanings are primarily derived from written and spoken words. Ex, Britain, North American, Germany.

81
Q

High-context culture

A

People rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others. Ex, china, Korea, Japan.

82
Q

Monochromatic time

A

Preference for doing one thing at a time

83
Q

Polychronic time

A

Preference for doing more than one thing at a time

84
Q

Expropriation

A

A governments seizure of a domestic or foreign companies assets

85
Q

Business plan

A

Document that outlines a proposed firms goals, the strategy for achieving them, and standards for measuring success.

86
Q

Business model

A

Outlines the need the firm will fill, the operations of the business, its components and functions, as well as expected revenues and expenses

87
Q

Strategy/strategic plan

A

Long term goals and direction for an organization

88
Q

_______ ________ is process that involves managers from all parts of organization in the formulation and implementation of strategies and strategic goals.

A

Strategic management

89
Q

Mission

A

Organizations purpose or reason for being

90
Q

Mission statement

A

Explains the organizations purpose

91
Q

Vision statement

A

What the organization should become (long term goals), where it wants to go.

92
Q

Values statement

/core values

A

Expresses what the company stands for , the values its employees embody, and what it’s products contribute to the world

93
Q

______ planning determines what organization long term goals should be for next 1-5 years with the resources they expect to have available

A

Strategic

94
Q

_______ planning determines what contributions their departments or similar work units can make with their given resources during the next 6-24 months

A

Tactical

95
Q

______ planning determines how to accomplish specific tasks with available resources within 1-52 weeks

A

Operational

96
Q

Standing plans

A

Plans developed for activities that occur repeatedly over time

97
Q

Policy

A

Standing plan that outlines the general response to a designated problem or situation

98
Q

A procedure

A

Is standing plan that outlines response to particular problems or circumstances

99
Q

A rule

A

Standing plan that designates specific required actions

100
Q

Single-use plans

A

Plans developed for activities that not likely to be repeated in future

101
Q

Program

A

Single use plan encompassing a range of projects or activities

102
Q

Project

A

Single use plan of less scope and complexity than a program

103
Q

SMART goal stands for?

A

Specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and has Target dates. Pg 158

104
Q

Management by objectives(MBO)

A

Four step process pg 160

105
Q

Cascading goals

A

Process of ensuring strategic goals set at top level cascade downward with more specific short term goals at lower levels within organization

106
Q

Classical viewpoint of management emphasizes ways to________.

A

Increase efficiency

107
Q

In terms of systems viewpoint, profits and losses are known as ______.

A

Output

108
Q

Fredrick Taylor- more efficient workers should be paid more, this system is called the ______ system.

A

Differential rate

109
Q

Two management perspectives that consider an organization to be a closed system.

A

Classical management viewpoint

Management science perspective

110
Q

Total quality management

A

Every person is competed to maintaining high standards of work in every aspect of company operations.

111
Q

Task environment includes

A

Employee organizations, government regulators, local community, strategic allies.

112
Q

Sarbanes-oxley reform act monitors what?

A

Financial records of public institutions

MGT 301 (2 decks)

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