Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Management > MGT 110 FINAL > Flashcards

MGT 110 FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

What is motivation?

A

The desire to achieve a goal or a certain performance level, leading to goal directed behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

They are five human needs that are arranged so that lower level, more basic needs, must be satisfied before higher level needs become activated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the five levels of the Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?

A

). Physiological Needs 2) Safety Needs 3) Belongingness and Love Needs 4) Esteem needs 5) Self actualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, what does Physiological needs mean?

A

food, water, warmth and rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs, what does self actualization mean?

A

achieving ones full potential, including creative activites.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the problem with Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs?

A

NO EMPIRICAL THINKING.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Intrinsic Motivation?

A

pursuing an activity because it is enjoyable and absent of rewards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Extrinsic Motivation?

A

performing an activity because it is related to desirable outcomes such as financial rewards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Equity theory?

A

focuses on employee perceptions as to how fairly they think they are being treated compared to others (Inputs, outputs comparison.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Expectancy Theory?

A

people are motivated by two things: how much they want something and how likely they think they are to get it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three major elements of the Expectancy theory?

A

Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the Expectancy theory, what is Expectancy?

A

Belief that a high level of effort will result is successful performance
-Effort-to-performance expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In the Expectancy theory, what is Expectancy?

A

Belief that a high level of effort will result in successful performance

-Effort-to-performance expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In the expectancy theory, what is instrumentality?

A

Expectation that successful performance, will lead to a certain outcome.

-Performance-to-reward expectancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the expectancy theory, what is Valence?

A

The outcome will be valuable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do we motivate using the expectancy theory given: Expectancy?

A

Employees may lack KSAO’s to preform.
Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do we motivate using the expectancy theory given: instrumentality?

A

Connect rewards to performance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is reinforcement theory?

A

people are motivated to perform or avoid certain behaviors because of the past outcomes that have resulted from those behaviors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

Encourages behavior through use of desirable outcomes.(ex: giving a dog a treat for sitting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

Encourages behavior through removal of unpleasant outcomes.(Ex: Alarm clock)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Extinction in the reinforcement theory?

A

decreases behavior by removing the reinforcer.(ex: not responding when a dog jumps)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is punishment in the reinforcement theory?

A

Weakening behavior through use of unpleasant outcomes.(ex;Discipline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the problems with the reinforcement theory?

A

1) Positive behavior gets ignored and unrewarded.
2)Disruptive behavior goes unpunished.
3)Wrong behavior gets rewarded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the schedules for reinforcement?

A

Continuous schedule and Variable ratio.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
continious schedule
Rewards follow all instances of positive behavior. Behavioral change is temporary
26
variable ratio
giving rewards in a random pattern. results are stronger and more permanent.
27
What is the Goal setting theory?
Specific, challenging goals are the best!
28
Why do goals motivate?
Direction, Focus, Energy and Persistence.
29
What are SMART goals?
Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely
30
When are goals more affective?
When they have goal commitment, feedback and self-efficacy
31
What is goal commitment?
is a crucial intervening step between goals and performance. It is the degree to which a person is dedicated to reaching a goal.
32
What can increase commitment?
Feedback and Ability
33
Feedback
people need feedback on progress.
34
Ability
people should have the KSA's to reach their goals.
35
Self Efficacy
An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.
36
Downside of goals?
Some evidence that difficult performance goals increase likelihood of risky strategies and unethical behaviors.
37
What is a Performance Review?
A process ,typically performed annually or biannually during which employee performance is measured and communicated to the employee.
38
Why conduct performance reviews?
To make personal decisions: - Placement -Promotions -Discharge -Wage and Salary administration -Personnel Training -For Development -For legal purposes.
39
Who conducts performance reviews?
Managers, Peers, Customers, Co workers, Subordinates, Self
40
What is 360 Feedback?
A process of evaluating employees from multiple rating sources, usually including supervisor, peer, subordinate and self -It is very popular Biases of raters can overcome by using multiple sources. -Get a broad view of perfromance. -The good, the bad and the really ugly.
41
What are some reasons for Rater Bias?
1) Error of central tendency 2) Leniency 3) Similar-to-me-errors 4) Recency errors 5) Halo errors
42
What are some performance incentives?
Bonus Piece rate Merit Pay Recognition awards
43
What are piece rate systems?
Employees are paid based on individual output produced.
44
What are Bonuses?
One-time rewards that follow specific accomplishments.
45
What is Merit-Pay?
Permanent pay raise based on past performance.
46
What are recognition awards?
Motivation through awards, plaques, other symbolic methods. In many organizations, peers nominate coworkers for awards.
47
What is Job Design and Why do we care?
Job Design is how jobs are structures and we care because it affects performance, satisfaction and health.
48
What is Job Rotation?
Moving employees from job to job at a regular intervals.
49
What are some benefits of Job Rotation?
-Reduces the montonous aspects of a job. - Creates an effective way for employees to acquire new skills. -Increases the flexibility of managers to assign employees different parts of the organization when needed. -A way to transfer knowledge between departments.
50
What is job enlargement?
broaden scope of job by adding tasks to add more variety. -This makes the job less repetitive, increase motivation and reduces boredom.
51
What is job enlargement?
broaden scope of job by adding tasks to add more variety. -This makes the job less repetitive, increase motivation and reduces boredom.
52
What is Job Enrichment?
Increase depth of job by increasing employee's control and autonomy. -It enhances existing tasks to make job more meaningful.
53
What is Leadership?
Influencing others to work towards a goal -Never using force; people willingly adopt a leader's goals as their own.
54
What are the two types of leaders?
Formal and Informal
55
What is a formal Leader?
Hold position of authority and use power that comes with it.
56
What is a informal leader?
no position of authority, but use personal forms of power.
57
What is the Trait Theory to leadership?
Big Five personality traits predict leadership
58
What traits predict leadership?
Extraversion and Conscientiousness
59
Intelligence is a modest predictor of leadership. True or False?
True!
59
Self esteem does not predict being a leader. True of False?
False
60
Effective leaders tend to demonstrate honesty and integrity. True or False?
True
61
What are the two factors to the Behavioral Approach?
Initiating structure and Consideration
62
Task oriented behaviors
-Focus on planing, coordinating, providing materials -Guide subordinates' goal-setting
63
People-oriented behaviors
More supportive and helpful; showing concern
64
What is a limitation to the Behavioral Approach?
-little research on situational factors -Neglect the environment.
64
What are the three Leader decision making styles?
Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-faire
65
Autocratic decision making style
leaders make the decision alone without involving employees
66
Democratic decision making style
employees participate in making of the decision
67
What is Situational Leadership?
Leaders choose from 4 basic leadership styles as determined by employee readiness
67
laissez-faire decision making
employees alone make the decision.
68
What is Authentic Leadership?
-Staying true to themselves -Instead of trying to fit into societal expectations, authentic leaders derive their strength from their own past experiences. Authentic Leaders are: -Self aware and introspective -Not afraid to act the way they are.
69
What is servant leadership?
-Leaders role is to serve the needs of others. -The primary mission of the leader is to develop employees and help them reach their goals. Servent Leaders: -Put their employees first -Understand their personal needs and desires -Empower them -Help employees develop in their careers.
70
What is Transformational Leadership?
A process of engaging with others to create a connection that increases motivation and morality in both the leader and the follower.
71
What is the role of charisma?
Charisma is a necessary but not sufficient condition for transformational leadership.
72
What is Diversity?
The ways in which people are similar or different from each other. it may be defined by any characteristic that varies within a particular work unit such as gender, age, race , education, tenure, ect.
73
Surface level diversity
differences such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure
74
deep-level diversity
differences such as personality and attitudes that are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors and are learned only through extended interaction with others
75
What are some Benefits of Diversity-Creativity?
-In diverse teams, people will have different opinions and perspectives -More likely to consider alternatives and think outside the box. -Diversity in values, thinking, styles, knowledge, skills, and beliefs can stimulate creativity in members.
75
Inclusion
Employees being able to bring aspects of themselves that make unique to a group, while also being treated as insiders. Participating in org life fully and having their voice heard.
76
What are benefits of diversity and inclusion at work
- A company's most valuable resource is its people - There is competition for the best talent -Creating inclusive environments will attract the broadest range of applicants AND help retain talented employees who have options for where they want to be.
77
Similarity-Attraction Phenonmenon
-Tendency to be more attracted to individuals who are similar to us -Unfairness in hiring because the manager may select individuals of similar sex, race, and age over more qualified candidates.
77
What are stereotypes?
are generalizations about a particular group of people
78
What are implicit biases?
are stereotypes held outside of conscious awareness.
79
The Glass ceiling
an invisible barrier to advancement to higher-level jobs in the company that adversely affects women and minorities.
80
What is the pay gap?
the disparity between women's and men's earnings
80
What does Glass Ceiling say about women in employment?
Women are less represent the higher they go up.
81
Sexual Harassment
-Unwanted sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal and physical conduct that is sexual in nature. -Effects can lead to depression, poor, job attitudes, higher absenteeism, and higher attribution.
82
What are the two types of sexual harassment?
Quid pro Quo and Hostile environment
83
Quid pro quo
Outcomes(benefit or punishment) linked to sexual behaviors/favors
84
Hostile Environment
-Someone's behavior in the workplace creates an environment that makes it difficult for someone of a particular sex to work. -Either severe or pervasive.
85
Age Discrimination
prohibits employers from discriminating against employees over 40 years old.
86
Employees with Disabilities
The Americans with Disabilities Act(1990) prohibits discrimination in employment against individuals with physical or mental disabilities. People with disabilities often: -Experience barriers in hiring and stereotypes. Get dead-end jobs or ones required lower skills.
87
Tools for creating and inclusive workplace
Inclusive workplace culture, Diversity Training Programs and Review Recruitment Practices.
88
Key Components of Effective Managing Diversity Programs
1) Top Management support 2) Recruitment and hiring 3) Identifiying and Developing talent 4) Employee support 5) Ensuring fair treatment 6) Holding managers accountable 7)Improving relationships with external stakeholders
88
Diversity Training
Learning efforts that are designed to change employee attitudes about diversity and/or develop skills needed to work with a diverse workplace. Programs that work: in person vs online active vs passive managers partcipate alongside employees.
89
Recruitment Practices
Women? -Most effective strategy is top management driven Single parents? -Offer flexible work and work life balance Older workers? -Phased retirement plans Younger workers? Consider certain beneftis.
90
What is the Big Five?
Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

Management (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions