Management Exam #2 Flashcards

Question

Major Predictors of OCBs?

Answer 1

-How we are treated at work -Age of employee -Personality -Positive work attitudes

Answer 2

Different intentional ways employees harm their organization ABUSING OTHERS- Gossiping, spreading rumors, harassment, insulting, and embarrassing others PRODUCTION DEVIANCE- Intentionally performing at a low level, such as by ignoring instructions or by slowing down and reducing performance. THEFT Stealing money or things. SABOTAGE Intentionally damaging equipment and the physical environment. WITHDRAWAL BEHAVIORS Taking long breaks, being tardy, or skipping work altogether indicate that the person is physically and mentally somewhere else during work hours.

Answer 3

Unscheduled absences from work Causes of absenteeism: Health reasons Work-life balance Poor work attitudes Age

Answer 4

Employee leaving an organization -Voluntary turnover refers to departure initiated by the employee -involuntary turnover is initiated by the organization Reasons for turnover: Employee’s performance level Work attitudes Stress levels Personality Age and how long the employee’s been at the organization

Answer 5

Relationship and Task

Answer 6

Conflict emerging from personality clashes, or emotional interactions with others -Relationship conflict has a negative effect on team performance.

Answer 7

* Increases one’s anxiety * Decreases interpersonal trust and collaboration * Ultimately hinders creativity and performance

Answer 8

Conflict within a person. It arises when a person is uncertain about what is expected or has a sense of being inadequate to the task

Answer 9

Conflict between two people

Answer 10

Conflict that takes place among members of a group.

Answer 11

Conflict that takes place among different groups, between a union and management, or between companies, such as companies that supply the same customer.

Answer 12

Conflict over policies, distribution of resources, or ways of completing a task -Some have argued that task conflict can be beneficial for team performance.

Answer 13

* Relates to better decisions and decision quality * Associated with idea generation, effective use of resources, and task completion

Answer 14

In a lab study, groups exposed to a devil’s advocate made higher quality decisions on a case study than groups exposed to an expert opinion or a second opinion.

Answer 15

team members are not working under the threat that one’s comments will be considered personal affronts, team members will feel it is a safer environment to express new ideas

Answer 16

Train team members to be more accepting of task conflict and focus criticisms on aspects of the work, not on people.

Answer 17

* Sidestepping or ignoring conflicts * Can work for minor conflicts or when need a cooling-off period * Can harm relationships long-term

Answer 18

High concern for self, low concern for others -Individual asserts his/her own position without accommodating or considering others Appropriate for quick, decisive action * When safety or ethics are at risk

Answer 19

Focused on working together to find a mutually beneficial solution

Answer 20

Both parties must be willing to give up some of their interests

Answer 21

-Focus on sacrificing one’s own needs to accommodate the interests of others -Yielding style -Good for preserving harmony at times

Answer 22

process in which two or more parties, whose interests conflict, attempt to reach an agreement

Answer 23

Distributive negotiation Win/Lose: a fixed amount of assets is divided between parties

Answer 24

Win/Win: mutual problem solving can enlarge the assets to be divided between parties * Find complementary interests to increase total benefits * Collaborative in nature

Answer 25

1. Investigation/Preparation 2. Determine your BATNA 3. Presentation 4. Bargaining 5. Closure

Answer 26

Gathering information Setting objectives/interests Thinking through your interests & priorities Goal: To be well-informed and well-prepared before entering the negotiation

Answer 27

* Assemble the information gathered * Present your position in a way that supports it * Discuss facts and evidence

Answer 28

* Actual give-and-take takes place during this phase * Both parties make concessions and seek compromises to move closer to an agreement * Common to have multiple rounds of offers during this phase

Answer 29

* Parties solidify an agreement and reach consensus on terms and conditions * If agreement wasn’t reached, consider making a follow-up call.

Answer 30

-Outside third party intervenes -Takes control of process -Facilitates, recommends, discusses -Doesn’t represent either party -Does not resolve the issue or impose a decision

Answer 31

Parties submit the dispute to a third-party arbitrator – takes control of outcome Arbitrator makes the final decision (called an award) Awards are put in writing and are binding

Answer 32

-The social glue that binds group members together -Extent to which members are attached to each other and act as one unit

Answer 33

* Is not always good! * Why? * Little time is spent on doing the actual work * Members may maintain harmony by striving toward consensus on issues without really considering alternative viewpoints * What does that sound like? * Can blind a group to outside influences

Answer 34

-Unanimous acceptance of decisions -Drive toward conformity and harmony -Most common in highly cohesive groups!

Answer 35

* Tendency to put in less effort when working in a group * This effect grows as the group size increases

Answer 36

addresses a specific problem

Answer 37

produces a one-time product/service/design

Answer 38

Members function outside of one physical space

Answer 39

* Appointed by the CEO; usually includes representatives from all functional areas * Example at Fresno State

Answer 40

-Pooled interdependence -Sequential interdependence -Reciprocal interdependence

Answer 41

* Team members share what the team earns

Answer 42

Norms are shared expectations about how things operate within a group

Answer 43

A team contract establishes the rules team members must follow Outlines things like: Values Goals Communication Roles and leadership

Answer 44

members work independently and then work is simply “piled up”; least amount of coordination

Answer 45

* Teams whose members have complementary skills are often more successful * Diversity can help teams produce more creative and effective solutions * The more diverse a team is in terms of expertise, gender, age, and background, the more ability the group has to avoid groupthink

Answer 46

occurs if one person’s output becomes another person’s input

Answer 47

occurs when members work together on each stage of a task

Answer 48

-Informal -Formal

Answer 49

A group that emerges naturally in response to the common interests of members

Answer 50

Established by organizations to facilitate the achievement of organizational goals

Answer 51

* Members come together for the first time * Cautious excitement * Goals: * Get to know each other * Figure out how the task will be done & who will be responsible for each task

Answer 52

* Members become testy, heated, impatient * There is competition, jealousy, defensiveness * Arguments about what actions the group should take are common

Answer 53

-Groups begin to establish ground rules, roles, and status -Members reduce emotional conflict -More friendliness and harmony -Constructive criticism and group cohesion develops

Answer 54

-Members get the work done -Members can prevent group conflict -Members know each other’s strengths and weaknesses

Answer 55

-Groups separate -Should set aside time to debrief (after-action review) -Celebrate!

Answer 56

* Groups primarily share information, responsible for their own area * Teams are responsible for a collective product * Working together to achieve a goal (e.g., presentation, project, medal) * A small number of people who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they are mutually accountable

Answer 57

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning

Answer 58

* Speed * Clear Accountability * Efficient use of time * Less conflict

Answer 59

* Knowledge & Diversity * Pooling of resources * Need to reconcile various positions into one * More conflict

Answer 60

Two or more people who interact with each other & one person’s actions have an impact on the others. A collection of individuals.

Answer 61

-Organizational structure -limited resources -task interdependence -incompatible goals -personality differences

Answer 62

(BATNAs) -best next alternative to a negotiated agreement -At what point are you willing to walk away? -Bottom line -what are your alternatives if you walk away from negotiation?