MGMT Ch.2

Question 1

___ set of values, beliefs, rules, and institutions held by a specific group of people

Answer 1

culture

Question 2

nation states support and promote the concept of ____ by building museums and monuments to preserve the legacies of important events

Answer 2

national culture

Question 3

How do nation states intervene in business to preserve treasures of national culture?

Answer 3

regulate culturally sensitive sectors of the economy

Question 4

___ a group of people who share a unique way of life within a larger dominant culture

Answer 4

subculture

Question 5

subcultures can differ from dominant cultures in what 5 ways?

Answer 5

language
race
lifestyle
values
attitudes

Question 6

subcultures can exist across____

Answer 6

national borders

Question 7

land features affect ___ in culture

Answer 7

personal communication

Question 8

physical environment affects___

Answer 8

consumer product needs

Question 9

climate can play a role in determning____

Answer 9

work habit

Question 10

___ the belief that one’s own culture is superior to that of others

Answer 10

ethnocentricity

Question 11

ethnocentricity can undermine ____

Answer 11

international business projects

Question 12

____ detailed knowledge about a culture that enables a person to work happily and effectively with in it

Answer 12

cultural literacy

Question 13

cultural literacy improves people’s____(3things)

Answer 13

• ability to manage employees
• market products
• conduct negotiations

Question 14

___ ideas, beliefs, and customs to which people are emotionally attached

Answer 14

values

Question 15

Values include what 3 concepts?

Answer 15

• honesty
• freedom
• responsibility

Question 16

Values are important to businesses because they affect a people’s ____

Answer 16

work ethic and desire for material possessions

Question 17

___ positive or negative evaluations, feelings, and tendencies that individuals feel toward objects or concepts

Answer 17

attitudes

Question 18

attitudes reflect people’s___

Answer 18

underlying values

Question 19

attitudes are learned from___

Answer 19

role models

Question 20

attitudes differ from one country to another because they are formed within a ___

Answer 20

cultural context

Question 21

___ what a culture considers “good taste”

Answer 21

aesthetics

Question 22

aesthetics includes what 4 things?

Answer 22

art
images
symbols
colors

Question 23

___appropriate ways of behaving, speaking, and dressing in a culture

Answer 23

manners

Question 24

___habits or ways of behaving in specific circumstances that are passed down from generations in a culture

Answer 24

customs

Question 25

customs differ from manners in that they define apprepriate habits or behaviors in ____

Answer 25

specific situations

Question 26

___behavior, often dating back several generations, that is practiced by homogeneous groups of people

Answer 26

folk customs

Question 27

___behavior shared by heterogeneous group or by several groups

Answer 27

popular culture

Question 28

___a culture's fundamental organization, including its groups and institutions, its system of social positions and their relationships, and the process by which its resources are distributed

Answer 28

social structure

Question 29

What are 3 elements of social structure that differ across cultures?

Answer 29

- social group associations - social status - social mobility

Question 30

___ collection of two or more people who identify and interact with each other

Answer 30

social group

Question 31

What are the two social groups that play an important role in affecting business activity everywhere?

Answer 31

family and gender

Question 32

___consists of a persons immediate relatives

Answer 32

nuclear family

Question 33

___ consists of a persons immediate family plus grand parents, aunts, uncles, cousins, ect...

Answer 33

extended family

Question 34

___ the practice of trying to find jobs for relatives inside their own company

Answer 34

nepotism

Question 35

___ refers to socially learned habits associated with men or women such as style of dress and activity prefferences

Answer 35

gender

Question 36

___refers to the biological fact of male or female

Answer 36

sex

Question 37

___ position within the structure

Answer 37

social status

Question 38

___ process of ranking people into social layers or classes

Answer 38

social stratification

Question 39

___ ease with which individuals can move up or down the social ladder

Answer 39

social mobility

Question 40

___system of social stratification in which people are born into a social ranking with no opportunity for social mobility

Answer 40

caste system

Question 41

___ system of social stratification in which personal ability and actions determine social status and mobility

Answer 41

class system

Question 42

___ departure of highly educated people from one profession, region, or country to another

Answer 42

brain drain

Question 43

___ third or "link" language understood by two parties who speak different languages

Answer 43

lingua franca

Question 44

___ language communicated through unspoken cues

Answer 44

body language

Question 45

___all the technology used in a culture to manufacture goods and services; used to measure technological advancement

Answer 45

material culture

Question 46

___ anything that represents a cultures way of life

Answer 46

cultural trait

Question 47

___ process by which cultural traits spread from one country to another

Answer 47

cultural diffusion

Question 48

___replacement of one culture's traditions, folk heroes, and artifacts with substitutes from another

Answer 48

cultural imperialism

Question 49

___ framework for studying cultural differences along 6 dimension, such as focus on the past or future events and belief in individual or group responsibility for personal well being

Answer 49

kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework

Question 50

what are the 6 dimensions of kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework

Answer 50

- relation to nature - time orientation - material or spiritual - responsibility to others - view of personal space

Question 51

___ framework of studying cultural differences along 5 dimensions, such as individualism vs collectivism and equality vs inequality

Answer 51

Hofstede Framework

Question 52

What are the 6 dimensions of Hofstede framework?

Answer 52

- individual vs collectivism - power distance - uncertainty avoidance - masculinity vs femininity - long term orientation - indulgence vs restraint

Question 53

___ inequality between supervisors and subordinates

Answer 53

power distance