mexico terms Flashcards
significance of the 2000 presidential election
ended the PRI’s 71-year dominance over the presidency; operated under the same constitution ever since
election system for chamber of deputies
Mixed electoral system; 300 SMD seats and 200 PR seats; 3 year terms; a party’s number of seats cannot exceed their percentage of their PR vote by more than 8%; big party majorities are unlikely
From Mrs. Hawkins → Leads to a multiparty system with diverse representation
election system for the president
directly elected, plurality system, no second round, each party usually gets roughly a third of the vote
From Mrs. Hawkins → Can reduce legitimacy if close vote and/or president wins with just plurality and not majority
election system for senate
3 senators per state and the federal district; 6 year terms; party who wins the majority gets two seats and the second place party gets the third seat; the remaining seats (32) use PR; must get at least 2% of the vote to win seats on the PR list
From Mrs. Hawkins → Leads to a multiparty system with diverse representation
Institute of Federal Elections (IFE)/National Electoral Institute (INE)
created by the PRI; independent of government; made to stop election fraud
–> IFE: From Mrs. Hawkins → like INEC in Nigeria
Impact of NAFTA
increased trade in north america; american products flooded mexico, making their farmers suffer and lose jobs; increased wealth gap between northern and southern mexico; US investment in Mexico
→ From Mrs. Hawkins→ Like ECOWAS or EU. Creation of maquiladora district on Mexico side of US/Mexico border
PAN
conservative political party; recent success
PRI
center right; dominated for 71 years
sexenio
word for the mexican president’s office; refers to the six year term
Zapatistas/EZLN
indiginous people marginalized in mexico; called for democracy; called for an end to the economic policies that kept their people impoverished; ended up being a popular movement; government signed the San Andres Peace Accords, but it was never enforced
Interest Group Representation Systems: Pluralism v. (State) Corporatism
There are two ways to describe systems of interest group representation: pluralism and corporatism. Pluralist systems promote competition among autonomous groups not linked to the state. In a corporatist system the government controls access to policy making by relying on state-sanctioned groups or single peak associations (SPAs) to represent labor, business, and agricultural sectors.
Internal migration patterns in Mexico
the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and other economic liberalization policies (such as removing agricultural subsidies), maquiladora zones, and foreign direct investment patterns prompted migration from rural to urban areas and from southern to northern Mexico, and contributed to greater economic development in the north than in the south, as well as other regional disparities.
neoliberalism
belief in limited governmental intervention in the economy and society; supports privatization, free trade, deregulation, and the elimination of state subsidies. This is an example of a political ideology (a set of values and beliefs about the goals of government, public policy, or politics)
PEMEX
Mexico’s state owned oil company (petroleum + Mexico). In response to market forces, Mexico has experimented with policies regarding private ownership of industry and capital, including privatization and increased competition in Mexico’s oil industry. Mexico has allowed private investment in Pemex.
Post-materialism
the social valuing of self-expression and quality of life that leads to applying pressure on governments to address environmental issues and social and economic equality. After your material needs (food, shelter) are met, then you can care about things like environment, feminism, free speech
