Mexico Flashcards
Ruling political party of the authoritarian regime until 2000 that emerged from the mexican revolution
Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI)
Mexicos charismatic president from 2012 until 2018 who is the first PRI member since its fall
Enrique Pena Nieto
the first leftist president since the return to democracy.
Andres Manuael Lopez Obrador
The racial majority in Mexico that is a mix of European and indigenous blood
Mestizos
The largest indigenous group that lives in the south of Mexico
Maya
The second-largest indigenous group which lives in the middle of Mexico
Nahuatl
Mexican-born descendants of the Spanish colonists who are increasingly powerful and wealthy
Criollos
An 11 year conflict resulting in the independence of Mexico from Spain in 1821
Mexican War of Independence
The owners of large amounts of land whose power grew dramatically after the War of Independence
Latifundistas
Local military strongmen who dominated local politics in the nineteenth-century
Caciques
Mexico’s first Caudillo who had control for three decades
General Antonio López de Santa Anna
National military strongmen who dominated all politics in the nineteenth-century
Caudillos
The 1846-48 conflict in which the US took almost half of Mexico’s territory
Mexican American War
Brutal authoritarian dictator from 1876 until 1910 who was removed in the Mexican revolution who gave mexico its first taste of stability since independence
Porfirio Diaz
The most famous revolutionary advocate for the poor who led a big role in the Mexican revolution and brought about the radical land reform
Emiliano Zapata
Worked with Zapata to advocate for a more radical socioeconomic agenda
Pancho Villa
What is the Constitution of 1917
The document that was established in the Mexican Revolution which regulates Mexican politics to this day.
An agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the US that liberalizes trade between each other
NAFTA
The first non PRI president who ended its 71 year reign of control. He was in office from 2000 to 2006
Vicente Fox
President from 2006 until 2012. he waged war on the drug cartels leading to a huge increase in violence
Felipe Calderon
WWII program that allowed millions of Mexicans to work in the US temporarily
Bracero Program
Vast informal networks of personal loyalty that operate as powerful political cliques
Camarillas
Mexican president from 1934 to 1940 who implemented radical land reforms and nationalized oil industries
Lázaro Cardenas
Mexico’s dominant trade union
Confederation of Mexican workers
A sector of the economy that is not regulated by the state
Informal sector
Mexican revolutionary leader who eventually restored political order, ended the revolution’s violence, and defeated the more radical challenges of zapata and villa
Venustiano Carranza
Spanish conqueror of Mexico
Hernan Cortes
Aztec military leader defeated by the Spanish conquerors
Cuauhtemoc
Independent agency that regulates elections in Mexico that was created in 1996 to end decades of electoral fraud
Federal Electoral institute
US immigration legislation (1986) that toughened American immigration laws while granting amnesty to many longtime undocumented workers
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)
Nineteenth century Mexican president who is today considered an early proponent of a modern, secular, and democratic Mexico
Benito Juarez
The first ever PRI candidate to lose a presidential election; he was defeated by Vicente Fox in 2000
Francisco Labastida
Largely Mayan rebel group that staged an uprising in 1994, demanding political reform and greater rights for Mexicos indigenous people
Zapatista Army of Liberation (EZLN)
Massive nineteenth century uprising of mexicos indigenous population
War of the Castes
Mexicos most powerful economic cabinet ministers
Secretary of the treasury
What is Mexico’s legislature, the house/, and is it bicameral or unicameral?
National Congress.
Bicameral.
Upper house is Senate, lower house is Chamber of Deputies
Political-economic model followed during the PRI rule where the domestic economy was protected with high tariffs in order to promote industrial growth
Import substitution industrialization
Mexican president from 1976-82, increased the role of the state in the economy and nationalized the banking system in an attempt to advert a national economic crisis
Jose Lopez Portillo
Factories that import goods or parts to manufacture goods that are then exported. Most are near the Mexican border with the US
Maquiladoras
Spectacular economic growth in Mexico from the 1940s to about 1980
Mexican Miracle
New leftist political party founded by Lopez Obrador
MORENA
County-level governments in Mexican states
Municipios
Conservative catholic party that was the main opposition party to the PRI until 2000
PAN
Mexico’s main party of the left
PRD
Mexican political party that emerged in the Mexican revolution to preside over an authoritarian regime that lasted until 2000
PRI
Relationships in which powerful government officials deliver state services and access to power in exchange for political support
Patron-client relationships
Mexico’s powerful state owned oil monopoly
PEMEX
A 1996 agreement that promised to end the Zapatista rebel uprising but was never implemented by the PRI government
San Andres Peace Accords
A top cabinet post that controls internal political affairs and was once a stepping stone to the presidency under the PRI
Secretary of government
Mexico’s largest media conglomerate that had a close relationship with the PRI for decades
Televisa
A free trade agreement that replaced NAFTA in 2020
USMCA
Mexico’s president from 1994 to 2000 who implemented political reforms that paved the way for fair elections in 2000
Ernesto Zedillo
