Mexico Flashcards

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1
Q

Ruling political party of the authoritarian regime until 2000 that emerged from the mexican revolution

A

Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI)

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2
Q

Mexicos charismatic president from 2012 until 2018 who is the first PRI member since its fall

A

Enrique Pena Nieto

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3
Q

the first leftist president since the return to democracy.

A

Andres Manuael Lopez Obrador

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4
Q

The racial majority in Mexico that is a mix of European and indigenous blood

A

Mestizos

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5
Q

The largest indigenous group that lives in the south of Mexico

A

Maya

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6
Q

The second-largest indigenous group which lives in the middle of Mexico

A

Nahuatl

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7
Q

Mexican-born descendants of the Spanish colonists who are increasingly powerful and wealthy

A

Criollos

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8
Q

An 11 year conflict resulting in the independence of Mexico from Spain in 1821

A

Mexican War of Independence

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9
Q

The owners of large amounts of land whose power grew dramatically after the War of Independence

A

Latifundistas

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10
Q

Local military strongmen who dominated local politics in the nineteenth-century

A

Caciques

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11
Q

Mexico’s first Caudillo who had control for three decades

A

General Antonio López de Santa Anna

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12
Q

National military strongmen who dominated all politics in the nineteenth-century

A

Caudillos

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13
Q

The 1846-48 conflict in which the US took almost half of Mexico’s territory

A

Mexican American War

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14
Q

Brutal authoritarian dictator from 1876 until 1910 who was removed in the Mexican revolution who gave mexico its first taste of stability since independence

A

Porfirio Diaz

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15
Q

The most famous revolutionary advocate for the poor who led a big role in the Mexican revolution and brought about the radical land reform

A

Emiliano Zapata

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16
Q

Worked with Zapata to advocate for a more radical socioeconomic agenda

A

Pancho Villa

17
Q

What is the Constitution of 1917

A

The document that was established in the Mexican Revolution which regulates Mexican politics to this day.

18
Q

An agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the US that liberalizes trade between each other

A

NAFTA

19
Q

The first non PRI president who ended its 71 year reign of control. He was in office from 2000 to 2006

A

Vicente Fox

20
Q

President from 2006 until 2012. he waged war on the drug cartels leading to a huge increase in violence

A

Felipe Calderon

21
Q

WWII program that allowed millions of Mexicans to work in the US temporarily

A

Bracero Program

22
Q

Vast informal networks of personal loyalty that operate as powerful political cliques

A

Camarillas

23
Q

Mexican president from 1934 to 1940 who implemented radical land reforms and nationalized oil industries

A

Lázaro Cardenas

24
Q

Mexico’s dominant trade union

A

Confederation of Mexican workers

25
Q

A sector of the economy that is not regulated by the state

A

Informal sector

26
Q

Mexican revolutionary leader who eventually restored political order, ended the revolution’s violence, and defeated the more radical challenges of zapata and villa

A

Venustiano Carranza

27
Q

Spanish conqueror of Mexico

A

Hernan Cortes

28
Q

Aztec military leader defeated by the Spanish conquerors

A

Cuauhtemoc

29
Q

Independent agency that regulates elections in Mexico that was created in 1996 to end decades of electoral fraud

A

Federal Electoral institute

30
Q

US immigration legislation (1986) that toughened American immigration laws while granting amnesty to many longtime undocumented workers

A

Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA)

31
Q

Nineteenth century Mexican president who is today considered an early proponent of a modern, secular, and democratic Mexico

A

Benito Juarez

32
Q

The first ever PRI candidate to lose a presidential election; he was defeated by Vicente Fox in 2000

A

Francisco Labastida

33
Q

Largely Mayan rebel group that staged an uprising in 1994, demanding political reform and greater rights for Mexicos indigenous people

A

Zapatista Army of Liberation (EZLN)

34
Q

Massive nineteenth century uprising of mexicos indigenous population

A

War of the Castes

35
Q

Mexicos most powerful economic cabinet ministers

A

Secretary of the treasury