Mexican National Era Flashcards
After the Seven Years War, who won, and what did they gain?
Great Britain won and gained Louisiana.
Since Great Britain now has Louisiana, what issue does Texas have?
It has no need for missions and presidios in East Texas.
Who was the advisor who suggested to close down the all of the missions except for those at San Antonio and Goliad and move all East Texans to San Antonio?
Marques de Rubi
How was Nacogdoches founded?
Gil Y’Barbo, a leader of the East Texans, asked to be able to stay there but were denied of permission. They were, however allowed to build a settlement along the Trinity River, known as Bucareli, but it had failed. Y’Barbo decided to move back to East Texas with the settlers and found the the town of Nacogdoches.
During the American Revolution, Spain assisted what side?
The colonies
How did de Galvez help American troops?
He donated things like supplies, money, and clothes. He gathered soldiers for an army and led them to drive British troops along the Gulf of Mexico away. He also allowed the Americans to use ports in new Orleans.
France got Louisiana back from Spain, but the U.S. later purchased it. How did this affect Spain?
Texas now shared a border with the U.S.
With the addition of the Louisiana Purchase, about how many times did the United States’ size increase by?
two times
Why was there Neutral Ground?
Spain and the U.S. argued over a boundary whether it was the Arroyo Hondo (Spanish) or the Sabine River (U.S.). As a result, they agreed to leaving it as neutral ground.
Why was Neutral Ground a problem?
Escaped fugitives and outlaws would flee there to escape punishment.
What did the Adam-Onis Treaty establish?
The Eastern border of Texas was the Sabine River, and Spain was to give the U.S. Florida. In return, the U.S. surrendered all of its claims to Texas.
What are filibusters?
Filibusters are military adventurers. They would go to another country and try to take over it by waging war. They do this without their home country’s support.
Who was known as the first filibuster?
Philip Nolan
What did Philip Nolan do?
At first, he had permission to capture and sell wild horses in Texas, but his friendship with a U.S. Army commander made the Spanish suspicious and told him that he wasn’t allowed to go to Texas anymore. He come to Texas with a group of 27 men and catch wild horses. Later, they were caught, and Nolan and one other person was killed. The rest were imprisoned.
What were the three reasons why the people of New Spain wanted independence?
Spain was too far away to help the people of New Spain. The king forced the colonists to pay heavy taxes and took away money from churches. Colonists were excluded from the best jobs.
Who created the Grito de Dolores and was nicknamed the “Father of Mexican Independence”?
Father Miguel Hidalgo
What was the Grito de Dolores, and what did it do?
It was a speech that inspired people to fight for independence from Spain.
What happened to Miguel Hidalgo?
He was captured and executed for treason.
What two people started the Republican Army of the North? When and why was it created for?
Jose Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara and Augustus Magee started it in 1811 to free Texas from Spain.
What was known as the bloodiest battle in Texas history?
The Battle of Medina
Did the Republican Army of the North win the Battle of Medina?
No, the Spanish overwhelmed the army led by General Arredondo. The Republican Army soldiers were either killed in battle or executed after it.
What was a result of the Battle of Medina?
Texas was under Spanish control for another 7 years.
Why was Galveston Island an ideal place for operations against the Spanish?
It was in a remote location.
Who was Jean Lafitte?
He was a pirate claiming to support the rebels but was interested in stealing Spanish cargo.
There was a legend that Lafitte buried a treasure of ______________
Gold and silver
Who was Dr. James Long?
He was elected president of a group that declared Texas independent. He was known as the last filibuster in Texas.
Did the Long Expedition win?
No, after a few battles, they were surrounded by the Spanish Army. Long was taken to a Mexican prison and shot by a guard six months later.
Who created the Plan de Iguala? What did it state?
Agustin de Iturbide created the Plan de Iguala to declare that Mexico was independent, Mexican people would have equal rights, and Catholicism would be the official religion of Mexico.
When was the Treaty of Cordoba signed? What were its effects?
It was signed on August 21, 1821. It showed that Spain was no longer in control of Mexico, and Texas would become part of free Mexico.
Even though Spain failed to make strong settlements, did it have an impact on Texas culture?
Yes
What were some of the cultural impacts that Spain had?
40% of the Texas population is Hispanic, cattle ranches adopted Spanish ranching methods, and Tejano culture is still strong today.
Were many places named by Spanish explorers (EX: Rio Grande or Palo Duro Canyon?
Yes
Did the Spanish build the first roads in Texas, like the El Camino Real and Old San Antonio Road?
Yes
When did Mexico write their constitution?
1824
What two political parties formed as a result of debating how Mexico should be governed?
Federalist and Centralist. For years, they would struggle for power?
Which political group took power first following Mexican independence?
The Federalist group took over first and wrote a new constitution that would directly affect Texas.
What did Federalists and Centralists believe?
Federalists believed in a weak central government that shares power with the states. Centralists believed that the government should be stronger than the states.
What did the Mexican Constitution of 1824 do?
It made the government a federal republic (elect people), Catholicism is the official religion, divided Mexico into four states and nineteen provinces. It merged the two provinces Coahuila and Texas to make the state of Coahuila y Tejas since Texas had a small population.
What were empresarios?
They were land agents who worked to recruit and settle people in an area. In Texas, they worked with the Spanish and later Mexican governments.
Who was Moses Austin? What was his idea?
Moses Austin was known as the “Grandfather of Texas”, whose idea was to bring Anglo Americans to settle in Texas. He got permission, but he died before he could start bringing families.
Why did Moses Austin believe Anglo Americans wanted to come to Texas?
It was very cheap land.
Who was Stephen F. Austin?
He was known as the “Father of Texas” and was the first empresario in Texas when he took over for his father.
Who did the Spanish send to help Stephen F. Austin choose the land for his settlement? What did he choose and why?
They sent Erasmo Seguin. S.F. Austin chose the area between the Colorado and Brazos Rivers because it had rich soil, a warm climate, and access to water.
What did S.F. Austin name the the main city of his colony?
San Felipe de Austin
S.F. Austin brought the first three hundred families from the U.S. to Texas. What were they called?
the “Old Three Hundred”
How much money did Austin settlers have to pay per acre?
12.5 cents
What were the requirements for the settlers?
They must convert to Catholicism, become a Mexican/Spanish citizen, and be of good moral character.
What did GTT stand for?
Gone to Texas
What did the Colonization Law of 1825 entail?
It invited colonists to move to Texas even without an empresario for 4,428 acres for only $30 (most still chose to use an empresario because they didn’t speak the language).
Who was Green DeWitt?
He was an American empresario who founded the town of Gonzales and settled 166 families.
Who was Martin de Leon?
He was a Mexican empresario who settled 200 Mexican families in South Texas and established the town of Victoria with his wife.
What type of people did S.F. Austin choose to settle his colony?
wealthy farmers
Why did the first colonists of Texas come?
They came for cheap land, to escape debt, or for an adventure.
What was a big issue within S.F. Austin’s colony?
69 of S.F. Austin’s families were slave holders since the southern farmers brought slaves into Texas to produce cotton crops. In 1825, about one-fourth of S.F. Austin’s colony was enslaved.
