Metrics, Cell Organelles, Cell Division

Question 1

Basic units of measure

Answer 1

Gram (mass), liter (volume), meter (length)

Question 2

Plasma membrane function

Answer 2

gives form to cell and controls passage of materials into and out of cell

Question 3

Cytoplasm function

Answer 3

Matrix substance in which chemical reactions occur

Question 4

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 4

assists in protein synthesis

Question 5

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum function

Answer 5

metabolizes non-polar compounds and store Ca2+ in striated muscle cells

Question 6

Golgi complex (apparatus)

Answer 6

synthesizes carbohydrates and packages molecules for secretion, secretes lipids and glycoproteins

Question 7

Mitochondria

Answer 7

release energy from food molecules and transform energy into usable ATP

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

digest foreign molecule and worn/damaged organelles

Question 9

Peroxisomes

Answer 9

contain enzymes that detoxify harmful molecules and break down hydrogen peroxide

Question 10

Centrosome

Answer 10

helps organize spindle fibers and distribute chromosomes during mitosis

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

store and release various substances within the cytoplasm

Question 12

Microfilaments and microtubules

Answer 12

support cytoplasm and transport materials within the cytoplasm

Question 13

Cilia and flagella

Answer 13

move particles along cell surface or move the cell

Question 14

Nuclear envelope

Answer 14

supports nucleus and controls passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

produces ribosomal RNA for ribosome

Question 16

Chromatin

Answer 16

Contains genetic code that determines which proteins will be manufactured by the cell

Question 17

Interphase

Answer 17

genetic material is condensed and is called chromatin; prepares cell division

Question 18

Mitosis phases

Answer 18

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 19

Prophase

Answer 19

Nuclear envelope disintegrates; DNA condenses, becomes visible and it is now called chromosomes

Question 20

Metaphase

Answer 20

Chromosomes align in the middle of the cell at the equatorial plate

Question 21

Anaphase

Answer 21

Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 22

Telophase

Answer 22

Chromosomes condense, new nuclear envelope forms, cell begins to pinch at the center of the cell

Question 23

Cytokinesis

Answer 23

division of cytoplasm and cells

Question 24

Similarities and differences of mitosis and meiosis

Answer 24

Mitosis:

• body cells are formed
• DNA replication
• 1 nuclear division
• 2 diploid cells
• genetically identical

Meiosis:

• sex cells (gametes)
• DNA replication
• 2 nuclear divisions
• 4 haploid cells
• not genetically identical

Question 25

Steps of Meiosis

Answer 25

Meiosis 1 (Prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1) Meiosis 2 (prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2)

Question 26

Goals of meiosis 1

Answer 26

1. chromosome pairs are aligned randomly at the cells equator
2. increases genetic variability
3. one chromosome from each pair moves to opposite poles of the cell
4. end result is 2 cells each with 23 double stranded chromosomes

Question 27

Meiosis II

Answer 27

Prophase II: chromosomes line up randomly; now have 2 haploid cells
Metaphase II: chromosomes line up in the middle of the cells with the help of the spindle fiber
Anaphase II/Telophase II: Chromosomes split apart to 4 total cells- the 2 cells become 4 by cytokinesis