Methods: research process

Question 1

Reliability

Answer 1

When research can be repeated in the exact same way, because the procedure is standardised. Correlations can be discovered as the results are comparable.

Question 2

Positive sociologists

Answer 2

They argue, sociology can and should we replicate the natural sciences.

Question 3

Objective

Answer 3

factual based research, no judgment/ interpretations are involved

Question 4

Validity

Answer 4

When research reveals the true picture of what is being studied. it was allow for verstenn (having an empathetic understanding of the actions form the actors point of view)

Question 5

Interprevist sociologists

Answer 5

They argue sociology cannot and should not try to replicate the natural sciences

Question 6

Sample

Answer 6

A smaller sub-group drawn from a target group.
When you chose a sample, it’s called sampling

Question 7

Target population

Answer 7

A group of individuals a researcher wants to study

Question 8

Sampling frame

Answer 8

A list of all the member of the population the researcher is interested in studying

Question 9

Representativeness

Answer 9

When the sample reflects the social characteristics of the target population

Question 10

Generalist

Answer 10

When the data collected from a sample can be applied correctly to the target population

Question 11

Over represent

Answer 11

When you use too many of the same people

Question 12

Probability sampling

Answer 12

•Use a sampling frame
•Most are represented. as they reflect the population
•Everyone has the same chance of being selected

Question 13

Non-probability sampling

Answer 13

•May not be a sampling frame to use
•Some target population are difficult to access
•Not representative

Question 14

stratified sampling

Answer 14

The target population is divided into categories to complete the sampling process

Question 15

Snowball sampling

Answer 15

When one participants recruit others from the same target population

Question 16

7 steps of researching a topic

Answer 16

1) select a topic
2) literature review
3) create a research questions
4) acres a sample
5) collect data using a method
6) analyse data
7) present findings

Question 17

Qualitative data

Answer 17

-people’s real opinions (documents)
-a lot of detail (interviews)
-detailed notes

Question 18

Quantitative

Answer 18

Statistic

Question 19

Strengths and limitations of qualitative

Answer 19

Strengths: Collect more descriptive data
limitations: Can’t see clear trends, time consuming

Question 20

Strengths and limitations of quantitative

Answer 20

Strengths: can see trends
limitations: don’t get opinions

Question 21

Pilot study

Answer 21

a small trial to test a particular research method before using it in a real investigation

Question 22

Operationalisation

Answer 22

To change something from being subjective, to objective (only being able to interpret something one way)

Question 23

Why operationalisation?

Answer 23

So everyone has the same understanding
Identity trends and patterns

Question 24

Standardised

Answer 24

All the same

Question 25

Why use pilot study??

Answer 25

To be in a safe environment, and to check it works and correct errors This saves money

Question 26

Random sampling

Answer 26

Every sampling unit has an equal chance of being chosen

Question 27

Systematic sampling

Answer 27

A method is divides to enable systematic selection (pulling a name out the hat)

Question 28

Stratified sampling

Answer 28

Population is divided into groups according to important variables (gender) the chosen in the same proportions as their prevalence in the population

Question 29

Quota sampling

Answer 29

Determine how many people which specific characteristics are studied Once quota is filled no more people in that category are included

Question 30

Strengths and limitations of quantitative

Answer 30

Strengths: can see trends limitations: don’t get opinions

Question 31

Opportunity sampling

Answer 31

When the researcher selects participants based on their availability

Question 32

Generalisability

Answer 32

The extent to which the findings of a study can be applied to other situations

Question 33

Representatives

Answer 33

When sample mirrors a researchers target population and reflects its characteristics

Question 34

Response rate

Answer 34

the number of people who answered the survey divided by the number of people in the sample

Question 35

Validity

Answer 35

how far the research can provide a true picture of what is being studied

Question 36

Reliability

Answer 36

Research that can be repeated because is had been standardised

Question 37

Practical

Answer 37

Strengths or limitations relating to time, money and logistics of a research study

Question 38

Ethical

Answer 38

Strengths or limitations relating to consent, protecting from harm and right to withdraw regarding the participants, the research and wider society

Question 39

Theoretical

Answer 39

The framework that’s informs how a sociologist selects their favourite topic of study. Different types of data are favoured by different perspectives because of various reasons