Methods of tectonic hazard mitigation

Question 1

Volcanic eruption
how can it mitigated

Answer 1

Barriers diverting lava flows away from Mt Etna in Sicily in 1991
7 billion tones of water sprayed onto approaching lahars to cool them down and solidify them in 1973c in Iceland

Question 2

Volcanic eruption how can you mitigate vulnerability

Answer 2

Monitoring and predicting
Evacuation plans
Warning systems

Question 3

Volcanic eruption how can you monitor the loss

Answer 3

Rescue and relief efforts
aid from governments and NGOs to help with rescues and providing necessities post event

Question 4

Earthquakes how can you modify the event

Answer 4

Not yet possible

Question 5

Earthquakes how can you modify vulnerability

Answer 5

Planning codes and restrictions
- building codes requiring aseismic (earthquake-resistant) buildings (in Japan)

Question 6

Tsunamis how can you modify the event

Answer 6

Costal defences and hard engineering, for example Japan has built a 400km chain of concrete sea walls in some places being 12m heigh

Question 7

Tsunamis how can you modify human vulnerability

Answer 7

Education on risks and how to stay safe
Clear marked evacuation routes
Warning and prediction systems