methods of presenting practice

Question 1

what is whole practice?

Answer 1

performing the skill in its entirety without breaking down sub-routines
- establishes links between sub-routines
- creates fluency

Question 2

when may whole practice be used?

Answer 2

1) if the skill is fast/discrete
2) if the skill is highly organised
3) if the skill is simple
4) the feel of the whole task is required as the learner develops
5) if the performer is in the autonomous stage of learning

Question 3

advantages of whole practice:

Answer 3

1) more realistic than part practice
2) helps positive transfer between skills learnt in training and skills used in matches
3) helps make skill more consistent
4) helps create specific images of skill to be stored in LTM

Question 4

disadvantages of whole practice:

Answer 4

1) unnecessary demands placed on performer - may not be able to cope with all aspects at once
2) possibility of fatigue if no breaks
3) performer may have specific weakness within skill

Question 5

what is whole-part-whole practice?

Answer 5

performer attempts the whole skill - breaks it down to work on specific aspects and attempts it whole again

Question 6

when may whole-part-whole practice be used?

Answer 6

when a beginner is carrying out a complex skill - concentration is required

Question 7

advantages of whole-part-whole practice:

Answer 7

1) can provide motivation when success is achieved
2) provides immediate feedback - corrected errors
3) fluency of sub-routines can be maintained while errors are corrected

Question 8

disadvantages of whole-part-whole practice:

Answer 8

1) may produce negative transfer unless part is integrated back to whole skill is in the same training session
2) performer may need a break when trying to perform a whole skill

Question 9

what is progressive-part practice?

Answer 9

sometimes known as chaining - the first part of the skill is learned and then the rest of the skill is added in sequence

Question 10

when might progressive-part practice be used?

Answer 10

1) the skill is serial (where order is important)
2) when links between sub-routines need to be made
3) when the skill is low-organised or complex

Question 11

advantages of progressive-part practice:

Answer 11

1) learner is allowed to focus on one aspect of the skill - can correct weakness
2) fatigue is reduced as performer can rest whilst parts are being taught
3) learning a new sub-routine successfully increases motivation

Question 12

disadvantages of progressive-part practice:

Answer 12

1) can be time consuming
2) may neglect the feel for the whole task & ignore links between sub-routines
3) performer may need a break when trying to practice continuous skills