Methods In Context Flashcards
What is randoming sampling
- Random = every sampling unit has an equal chance of being chosen for example names being drawn out a hat
Advantage = most representative type of sampling, relying upon stastical odds
Disadvantage =need large sample to ensure it statically likely to reprentative
Snowballing samples
Snowballing = a member of a sample puts the researcher in touch with other potential members of the sample
Advantage = it used mainly in groups who are hard to identify or access for example criminals
Disadvantage = unlikely to be representative due to people contact on another
Stratified random
Starfied random = population is divided into groups according to how important variables such as class. Gender ethincity
Advantage and Disadvantage of covert research
1 advantage people can enter forbidden areas be fully accepted and trusted and immerse themselfs i the group and oberseeve their normal behaviour
Disadvantage = danger of discovery could mean danger, ethical issues
Advantage and Disadvantage of overt observations
Advantage = researcher can be honest which helps with ethical issues, researchers can supplement their observations with other methods such as interviews
Disadvantage =they are the outsider so they may not be trusted, subject likey to change their behaviour
Advantage and Disadvantage of participant observations
Advantage = it may not take much preparation to conduct it especially if it involves social groups, day to day engagement with those being studied, the researcher had better understanding of subject.
Disadvantage of participant observations = time consuming and expensive (alice goffman 2014 spent six years effects of drug enforcement on social life like racism in the classroom)
Advantages and Disadvantage of non participant observations
Advantages of non participant observations = bias as the research is less likely to be drawn into to the group
Disadvantage of non participant observations = they may not get the same understanding of the group as participant observations, subject may act differently
Example of hawthronw effect in education
Hargreaves (1967) noticed some teachers appeared to change their lessons when he was there
Structed and unstructed interviews
Structured = advantages quantitative is it easy to replicate and compare results, Disadvantage no chance to probe deeper so it is harder to discover what is important
Unstructed = liked by qualitative researchers allows respondents to direct the interview, Disadvantage hard to replicate and time consuming
Group and individual interviews
Individual = advantage stops respondents from being influenced by other interviewees and less time consuming Disadvantage = there is no opportunity to observe the interaction between people
Group = advantage encourages is deeper thought about issues, disadvantages = subject may be influenced and conform
